Background Dental students are future dentists. Continuous assessment and improving of the educational curricula will ensure excellent academic performance of dental students and thus providing the community with the best treatment modalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal filling quality performed in extracted teeth by preclinical undergraduate Yemeni dental students. Methods Root canal treatment was performed by undergraduate preclinical dental students on 331 extracted human teeth including 741 roots. The teeth were then collected and evaluated radiographically based on three criteria of quality (length, density, and taper). Cohen’s Kappa test was used to assess the agreement between the examiners and Chi-squared test was used for the association between the study variables. The level of significant was set at α < 0.05. Results The results of the study revealed that the overall quality of roots canals fillings was poor. However, more than half of the study sample (53.4%) had adequate length, 13.1% had adequate density, and 14.2% had adequate taper. Anterior as well as single-rooted teeth had significantly better quality than posterior and multi-rooted teeth, respectively. The root canal fillings quality mandibular teeth was better than of maxillary teeth with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion The findings of the study emphasize the need of improving the endodontic course in the preclinical level and more advanced techniques and instruments should be incorporated.

Background: Among the measures involved in the control of endodontic infection, irrigation is an important factor in the elimination of microorganisms present in the open root canal. It is known that mechanical debridement alone does not result in a complete or permanent reduction of bacteria, therefore antimicrobial agents are used as an aid to mechanical cleaning to completely kill or reduce the number of microorganisms. Aim:  To investigate the antimicrobial activity of 2.5%, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2.0% chlorhexidine liquid and as the first new study of 60 mg/L silver nanoparticles as an endodontic-irrigating substances against single-species biofilms. Methods: Biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans oral sources were produced on a cellulose nitrate membrane placed on agar medium. Membrane filters were transferred to tubes containing 2 mL of fresh broth medium plus neutralizers. Microorganisms were suspended using a vortex, and the inoculum was serially diluted 10-fold. Aliquots of the dilutions were placed on 5% blood agar medium and incubated under appropriate gaseous conditions. Colony forming units were calculated. Results:  The antimicrobial agents in liquid presentation, especially 5.25% NaOCl, 2% chlorhexidine, and 2% nano-silver liquid killed the tested microorganisms more rapidly with mean rank equal to 1.4, 1.9, and 1.6, respectively. Saline did not inhibit the growth of any of the tested microorganisms, as it was statistically (p < 0.05) different for NaOCl, Nano-silver and chlorhexidine. Conclusions:  Preferring agents in liquid supply to get rid of biofilm microorganisms, especially 5.25% NaOCl and 60mg/L nanosilver liquid.                         Peer Review History: Received: 9 January 2022; Revised: 11 February; Accepted: 9 March, Available online: 15 March 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, rawah67@hotmail.com Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, edress2020@gmail.com Similar Articles: INVESTIGATION OF LIPOIDIAL CONTENTS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FORSSKAOLEA VIRIDIS AND TRICHODESMA EHRENBERGII WILDLY DISTRIBUTED IN EGYPT ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA. (GUAVA) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES FOR HADHRAMI HONEY ON GROWTH OF SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a marvelous three-dimensional (3D) dental and maxillofacial imaging method industrial in recent years. It is based on a multi-surface resampling process that has distinct advantages such as condensed radiated area size, image resolution, fast scanning time, exclusive maxillofacial imaging patterns and reduced image errors. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of a sample of Yemeni dentists toward the use of CBCT.  Methods: A total of 98 selected dentists participated in this study. The self-administered questionnaires, consisting of two parts, were distributed: The first is related to the demographic characteristics and the second section is related to the knowledge and attitude of the dental practitioners towards CBCT. The study was conducted in Dhamar city, Yemen. The information was assembled through a pre-prepared questionnaire consisted of 24 structured close-ended questions. Descriptive statistics calculated in terms of frequencies and percentages. A software program (SPSS V25) was used for data analysis. Results: The majority of respondents were 86 general dental practitioners (87.8%), most of whom were working in private dental clinics. More than half of the participants (67.3%) used digital imaging techniques to take radiographs. The most frequent source of knowledge about respondents' digital imaging techniques was the Internet (39%). Awareness of CBCT was higher in dentists, dental specialists, and those who were in an academic position. Lower radiation dose (26%), followed by secure image processing (23%), and short scanning time (21%) were the most common advantages of CBCT reported by the respondents. Conclusion: Study participant responses reflect the importance of CBCT in the dental field. Awareness about CBCT among dentists in Yemen is good and appears to be different among dentists with regard to gender, qualifications and type of work. The study requires that continuing learning courses be held in dental colleges in Yemen including appropriate hands-on CBCT training and integration with other clinical courses to improve the dentist’s basic knowledge and interpretation regarding this technology.                          Peer Review History: Received: 4 January 2022; Revised: 21 February; Accepted: 3 March, Available online: 15 March 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, olorunsolaeo@yahoo.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Similar Articles: KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF MOLAR INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN