Aiming to assess the impact of the intervention in reducing the patients' waiting time in the clinic, two surveys were conducted before and after task shifting intervention in an anti-retroviral (ARV) clinic at the Specialist Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria in November 2008 and April 2009, respectively. Before the task shifting, six nurses from the clinic were trained on integrated management of adolescent and adult illness, as well as on the principle and guidelines for the anti-retroviral therapy, after which their schedule in the clinic was broadened to include seeing HIV patients presenting for routine refill and follow-up visits. In this study, fifty-six and sixty patients, respectively out of 186 and 202 who attended the clinic on the days of the pre- and post-intervention surveys, were randomly sampled. Data on patients' sex, age and marital status, whether patient a first timer or follow up visitor and the time spent in the clinic on that day as well as the number and composition of staff and equipment in the clinic was collected. The difference in waiting time spent between the first group before task shifting and second group after task shifting was statistically analyzed and significance tested using unpaired t-test. There was a reduction in the average waiting time for patients attending the clinic from 6.48 h before task shifting to 4.35 h after task shifting. The difference of mean was −2.13 h, with 95% CI: −2.44:−1.82 hours and the test of significance by unpaired t-test P<0.0001.
Background: Lifestyle is the way of living of individuals, families, and societies which can be healthy or unhealthy in terms of personal behaviors such as nutrition, physical activity, and stress management. A healthy lifestyle may result in better health and happiness, and in contrast, an unhealthy lifestyle may cause illness and morbidity. Aim of Study:To find out the relationship between healthy lifestyle behavior variables of the study sample and students' sex and university years.Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out enrolling 426 students data were collected using interview questionnaire it consists two following sections: (1) Personal data: Age, sex, university year, living place, working status, family income, number of family member, Father's education,and mother's education, (2) Healthy lifestyle behaviors: It included seven variables: Smoking habit, dietary habits, physical exercise and self-health habits, spend free time, taking non-prescribed drugs in last month, and sleeping pattern. Period of the study from May 2019 up to the end of March 2021. Results:The mean age of the total samples was 21.5 ± 1.5 years. The majority (76.1%) were males. The students in the age group (20-24) years had the highest percentage (85.9%), while the students in the age group (-20 years) had the lowest proportion (3.3%). There was no statistically significant difference in age between male and female students. The majority of students in the final year (45%) were males (40.1%) and females (4.9%), with the difference being statistically significant.This study revealed that 67.6% of students reported they had average family income, 70.1% and 58.8% of male and female students respectively were eating breakfast regularly, 76.6% of the second grade were eating breakfast regularly, 69.4% of male students were physically active, 76.6% of the second grade were practicing exercise routinely, 82.1% of male students perform dental examination in the last year. Conclusion: 67.1% of students were living in students hostel, male students were eating breakfast and meat and fish regularly more than female, male students were physically
Background: Preterm delivery (PTD) is a principal obstetric dilemma and also a population health threat. The PTD etiology is still a field of abundant research worldwide. Aim of the work:To find the significance of ultrasonographicallyestimated lower myometrium thickness along with cervical characteristics in the prediction of PTD. Patients and methods: This study comprised 100 pregnant women (50 pregnant women who had risk factors of preterm labor and other 50 pregnant women without risk factors for preterm birth and with prior normal labor) during the period from March 2021 till the December 2021. Results: Our results revealed that CL was shorter in cases who had risk of preterm labor (24.84± 3.19 mm) compared to that of those without risk (26.8±1.98 mm) (P <0.001). While, the cut off value of cervical length was 25.5(mm) for predicting risk of preterm labor, the sensitivity was 62%, specificity was 76%. The mean thickness of both lower anterior and mid anterior uterine wall was significantly thinner in women with risk of PTD than those without (5.42±0.49 (mm) vs. 5.88±0.36 (mm)), (P<0.001) & (5.45±0.49 (mm) vs. 5.89±0.37 (mm) respectively) (P<0.001). ROC curve showed that the optimum cut-off values for low anterior and mid anterior uterine wall thickness were 5.51 and 5.52 (mm) for predicting risk of PTD with sensitivity 58% of both markers. Conclusion: Trans-abdominal ultrasound measurement of lower uterine segment thickness may represent an effective, precise, appropriate, and harmless procedure in anticipating the preterm labor with high validity than cervical length.
Background: During the COVID-19 Pandemic, the vast majority of educational organizations have been closed and faced different levels of challenges when online education is adopted as an alternative teaching approach, in this context an urgent nursing-specific E-Pedagogy method is required.Aims of the study: Evaluate the current challenges of nursing students about online nursing education through web-based courses, programs, online examinations, and quizzes.Methodology: A descriptive study, using an evaluation approach, conducted in 25 \ September \ 2020 to 11 \ April \ 2021. and carried out at two Colleges of Nursing in Kurdistan Region of Iraq, a sample of (80) undergraduate nursing students is recruited in the aforementioned colleges using the non-probability sampling approach to gather a convenient sample. A self-report questionnaire is developed of the literature, for the evaluation process.Results: Indicate that the proportion of students who show difficulties is equal to two-fifths of the total sample while only some of the students demonstrate preparedness and interest in online education.Conclusion: The majority of the participants show various degrees of challenges and difficulties about online nursing education, and these challenges vary of one college to another.Recommendations: The faculty members should be well trained for the implementation of online nursing education for the benefit of students learning improvement
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