Recently, Halal tourism has been emerging as lucrative tourism niche both in Muslim and non-Muslim Countries' destinations. For a long time, tourism industry had been exclusive against Muslims for it was fenced by the so called "Haram" activities. However, nowadays, this problem is being solved through Halal tourism so that more Muslims are now engaging in tourism without need of sacrificing their religion. Countries such as Malaysia, Turkey, Indonesia and Singapore have already entered into Halal tourism. Though Halal tourism is open for both Muslim and non-Muslim customers, stakeholders including scholars in the field have developed a misconception that Halal tourism is only for Muslims. However, in practice, it is compliant with Sharia but open for all. No doubting, Ethiopia can be among the top beneficiaries of Halal tourism developments. Its history as a land of the first Hijra and her geopolitical position for Islamic world enable her to capture the halal tourists' demand of the Islamic world. In this paper, literatures and previous researches in the area have been analyzed. Both opportunities and challenges that Ethiopia will be facing while implementing halal tourism have also been inventoried and analyzed. Accordingly, the applicability of Halal tourism in Ethiopian context has been well appraised. The finding of this study reveals that there are misconception and misunderstandings among stakeholders and scholars on the concept of Halal tourism. Neither a clear definition is given for Halal tourism. Moreover, the study also approved that Ethiopia has both potentials opportunities and challenges to develop Halal tourism.
Background: Rabies is among the most deadly and fatal diseases of all human diseases, once clinical symptoms appear. In developing countries, including Ethiopia, rabies prevention and control practices is not adequate. The study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices toward rabies prevention and control and identified factors associated with prevention and control practices. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 30 to August 30, 2021. A total of 326 dog-owner households were selected from the total number of 6500 dog-owner households using a simple random sampling method. Pretested and structured questionnaire were used to collect the data. The sections of the questionnaire includes socio-demographic, knowledge, attitude, and practice toward rabies prevention practices, and health and personal-related characteristics of the participants. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the association variables. Finally, a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as a cut-off point for statistical significance. Results: Of 326 households involved in the study, 52.8% of the participants were found to have poor rabies prevention and control practices. More than half (52.1%) of the respondents had good knowledge of rabies prevention and control practices, and 49.1% had a positive attitude. Only 28.2% of the respondents reported a history of dog bites. Factors associated with good rabies prevention and control practices were; having good knowledge of human rabies virus [(Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) = 2.41 (95% CI: 2.25−4.83)], having good attitude on prevention and control [AOR = 2.06 (95% CI: 1.95–3.82)], having only one dog per household [AOR = 2.46 (95% CI: 1.25–4.83)], availability of vet clinic within 30 min distance from residents [AOR = 9.32 (95% CI: 4.19–20.70)], and getting health information from Mass media [AOR = 3.68(95% CI: 1.74–7.77)] or Health workers [AOR = 3.16 (95% CI: 1.60–6.23)]. Conclusions: More than half (52.1%) of the participants had poor rabies prevention and control practices. Improving rabies prevention and control practices through improving the knowledge and attitude of the community is important to protect public health.
This paper discussed the availability and viability of halal sites and routes in Ethiopia. Tourism development requires detailed information about potential tourism resources. Accordingly, inventorying the existing actual and potential tourism resources should be the first step to assess the tourism potential of a certain destination. The main aims of this paper are twofold: to identify and discuss cultural and natural visitor attractions that will entice halal conscious visitors; and to propose halal tourism routes based on these resources. The proposed halal tourism routes lie down from the center, Addis Ababa towards different parts of Ethiopia. The study employed qualitative methodologies namely interviews, focus group discussion and field observations. GIS technology was also widely used to identify, locate visitor attractions and plot the spatial interconnection between these attractions. The findings of the study confirm that Ethiopia has abundant potential tourism resources to develop halal tourism. These resources mainly consist of Islamic heritage and natural resources. After the identification of the available tourism resources, five potential halal tourism routes were proposed.
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