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BACKGROUND Foetal Growth Restriction (FGR) is a relatively common, but dreaded obstetric and paediatric complication with adverse foetal and perinatal outcomes whose sequelae continue to haunt for a lifetime. Knowledge of predisposing factors and outcomes can help us manage these pregnancies and neonates in better ways. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted at ESIC Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of two years; 116 cases were registered as FGR and suitable controls without FGR were selected. Risk factor occurrence, maternal outcomes, mode of delivery, neonatal characteristics, postnatal outcomes and perinatal mortality were recorded in both groups and compared by suitable statistical tests to assess the significance of observations noted. RESULTS Statistically significant relationship was observed between smoking, maternal malnutrition, pregnancy-induced hypertension, maternal anaemia and chronic infection (all significant with p < 0.05). A higher rate of caesarean section was observed in study group compared to control group (62% vs. 18.1%), which was significant (p < 0.0001). Meconium stained liquor and reduced liquor was seen more in study group, 42 and 29 patients compared to 15 and 21 patients in control group, respectively. Still births occurred to the tune of 8.6% in study group. Mean birth weight was 2105 ± 50 gms at mean gestational age 36.6 ± 1.2 weeks in FGR foetuses compared to 2850 ± 107 gm at 38.9 ± 0.6 weeks in foetuses without FGR. Respiratory distress syndrome (P-0.007), Necrotising enterocolitis (P-0.03), Sepsis (P-0.01) and Retinopathy of prematurity (P-0.04) were more common in study group versus control group. Perinatal mortality was 20.75% (22 babies) in FGR group compared to 0.9% (3 babies) in control group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION FGR adversely affects the foetus and neonate. In light of recent evidence, there has been an emphasis on life-term risks in babies born with FGR. The psychological trauma on the mother to have a child with FGR and to raise it is enormous, herculean and heart breaking. An understanding of predisposing factors and outcomes can help us better predict pregnancy outcomes in these cases in clinical settings.

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