Concept of Poor and Poverty According to the ADB (Asian Development Bank) definition, poverty is "a deprivation of essential assets and opportunities to which every human is entitled" (Schelzig 2005). The Council of Europe defines poor and/or poverty as "individuals or families whose resources are so small as to exclude them from a minimum acceptable way of life in the Member State in which they live" (EEC 1981). Then it extends the definition as "the poor shall be taken to mean persons, families and groups of persons whose resources (material, cultural and social) are so limited as to exclude them from the minimum acceptable way of life in the Member State in which they live" (EEC 1985). On the other hand, poverty was defined by some scholars as social exclusion. Social exclusion can cause multidimensional disadvantage, multiple deprivation, and exclusion from modern market economies. Who is poor and the reason why they are poor is complicated. It is because poverty viewing from many aspects and multidimensional. Poverty requires understanding of its historical, political, social, and economic contexts (Deepa and Patti 2002). For instance, in South Africa, poverty that exists is believed as a consequence of deliberate policy. It is a profoundly political issue (Wilson and Ramphele 1989). Poor people have deep concern for the dynamic of policy elements related to economic issues which affect their livelihoods. They need greater opportunities to enhance their livelihood and security so they can protect themselves from economic upheavals. Mainly poor people are disadvantaged, and their living and working conditions are vulnerable (Yunus et al. 2000). They often experience water scarcity, inadequate transport, scarcities of energy for cooking and heating, inaccessible and unsafe area, and poor sanitation (Deepa et al. 2000).
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