Introduction: Jazan Region, in the Southwestern Saudi Arabia is known as the mostly affected region with malaria. Malaria occurs at hypo-to hyperendimic level where P. falciparum is the commonest parasite and An. arabiensis is the principal vector. Different types of crop irrigation systems were often blamed for aggravating the health risks of local communities. Reservoirs, irrigation canals, and dams are closely associated with vector-borne parasitic diseases. Thus, seasonal transmission period of a disease such as malaria may be extended as a result of these irrigation systems. The present study is meant to investigate vector breeding and transmission sites associated with the irrigation system in Jazan area for malaria through vector sampling and direct observation. Methods:The study was conducted in three villages in irrigated and three villages in non-irrigated areas in Jazan Region. Entomological surveys were conducted over 12 months from January to December 2004. Larvae were sampled by standard dipping technique and adults were sampled by pyrethrum knockdown collection and CDC light traps. Anopheline mosquitoes were morphologically identifi ed and further verifi ed at the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Mosquito blood meals were tested by direct enzyme linked immune sorbent assay technique for source identifi cation. Results:Of the 3498 anophelines larvae collected, during this study, 53.2% were from the irrigated sites. The total collection of larvae revealed the prevalence of 7 Anopheles spp., of these An. d`thali and An. pretoriensis were the most abundant, and comprised about 50.77 % and 36.91%, of the total collection, respectively. Larvae of the known malaria vector, An. arabiensis comprised 9.43% (330), of which, 69.4% were harvested from habitats at the irrigated area. A total of 2938 adult anophelines were caught from both areas and 1539 (52.4%) were An. d`thali, An. multicolor and An. arabiensis from irrigated area. A total of 106 blood-meal specimens from An. d`thali and An. arabiensis females, were examined and 95.3% were of human origin. Discussion and Conclusion:Of the seven anopheline species encountered, An. sergentii, An. multicolor and An. fl uviatilis are fi rst record in Jazan Region. The study showed no signifi cant difference between irrigated and non-irrigated areas can provide mosquitoes with various breeding habitat types. The known malaria vector in the region, An. arabiensis were more abundant in irrigated areas as larvae (69.3%) and as adults (69.4%) and together with An. d`thali showed high tendency towards anthropophagic behaviour (95.33%).
Background: Online medical education is critical for public health literacy and physician efficacy, but it must be trustworthy.Although it has the potential to be a useful resource for medical education, users must be able to identify reliable content. Objective: To assess the scientific quality of Arabic-language video content related to erectile dysfunction that is available on YouTube to learn what information our patients can handle online. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of the YouTube database was carried out to identify videos related to erectile dysfunction published in Arabic. The search was conducted using the following keywords: "Erectile dysfunction", "Sexual dysfunction" and "Impotence". Without a time, limit, the search was carried out until January 1, 2023. The quality assessment of the videos was done using the Kappa score. Results:The videos in our sample had up to one million views (average 2,627,485.6), and the kappa index was 0.86 (p <0.001). Of these videos, 16% were considered scientific evidence-based (SEB), and 84% were considered not scientific evidence-based (NSEB) (p <0.001). The NSEB group addressed details concerning natural remedies, the Psychosocial sphere, and lifestyle, whereas the SEB group tended to be more concerned with physiopathology, etiology, endothelial dysfunction, diagnosis, psychosocial treatment, oral treatment, injections, or prosthesis. Conclusion: On social media, misleading or incorrect information about erectile dysfunction is widely disseminated. This research may support urological and technical oversight and emphasizes guiding patients to the best men's health options.
Objective: The current study aimed to outline the main factors contributing to dental sensitivity. Methods: The research used the cross-sectional-study design since it involves analysing information from a population at a particular time. The reports primary focus is on evaluating the risk factors of dental sensitivity in a population. The cross-sectional study design helped the researcher to get valuable information that can be analysed to theories and conduct detailed research using the data acquired. The study population is UK residents, who are the primary focus of the study. The researcher incorporated inclusion and exclusion criteria during this stage to determine the variables that are relevant in examining the subject under discussion.The study sample selected for this research is individuals from 18 to 40 years of age who currently suffer from tooth sensitivity. Results: Among 350 participants, there were 277 female (79.1%) and 73 male (20.9%). The most frequent age group was 46 years or more (n= 138, 39.4%). The duration of tooth sensitivity among study participants was less than one year among 150 participants (42.8%) while it was more than 5 years among 109 participants (31.1%). Most of participants brushed their teeth twice daily (n= 222, 63.4%). The most frequent one was normal toothpaste among 209 participants (59.7%) while 116 participants used toothpaste made for sensitive teeth. Participants underwent various dental procedures with most common procedure was fillings (n= 220, 62.9%). The most frequent tooth disease among study participants was periodontal disease (n= 111, 31.7%). Conclusion: In conclusion, this research presents multivariate analysis prevalence data on sensitive teeth and related characteristics in the general UK population. Despite the availability of a plethora of treatments, the incidence of sensitive teeth seems to be rather high among the UK community at large. New generations of professionals should be made aware of dentin hypersensitivity by the data gathered in this research and more broadly about dentin hypersensitivity, as it is a clinical manifestation that is growing more common and that they will have to consider to assist alleviate the suffering it causes.
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