A solid self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery system (solid SNEDDS) has been explored to improve the solubility and dissolution profile of glipizide. SNEDDS preconcentrate was systematically optimized using a circumscribed central composite design by varying Captex 355 (Oil), Solutol HS15 (Surfactant) and Imwitor 988 (Co-surfactant). The optimized SNEDDS preconcentrate consisted of Captex 355 (30% w/w), Solutol HS15 (45% w/w) and Imwitor 988 (25% w/w). The saturation solubility (SS) of glipizide in optimized SNEDDS preconcentrate was found to be 45.12 ± 1.36 mg/ml, indicating an improvement (1367 times) of glipizide solubility as compared to its aqueous solubility (0.033 ± 0.0021 mg/ml). At 90% SS, glipizide was loaded to the optimized SNEDDS. In-vitro dilution of liquid SNEDDS resulted in a nanoemulsion with a mean droplet size of 29.4 nm. TEM studies of diluted liquid SNEDDS confirmed the uniform shape and size of the globules. The liquid SNEDDS was adsorbed onto calcium carbonate and talc to form solid SNEDDS. PXRD, DSC, and SEM results indicated that, the presence of glipizide as an amorphous and as a molecular dispersion state within solid SNEDDS. Glipizide dissolution improved significantly (p < 0.001) from the solid SNEDDS (∼100% in 15 min) as compared to the pure drug (18.37%) and commercial product (65.82) respectively.
We studied the application of Taguchi orthogonal array (TOA) design during the development of an isocratic stability indicating HPLC method for glimepiride as per TOA design; twenty-seven experiments were conducted by varying six chromatographic factors. Percentage of organic phase was the most significant (p < 0.001) on retention time, while buffer pH had the most significant (p < 0.001) effect on tailing factor and theoretical plates. TOA design has shortcoming, which identifies the only linear effect, while ignoring the quadratic and interaction effects. Hence, a response surface model for each response was created including the linear, quadratic and interaction terms. The developed models for each response found to be well predictive bearing an acceptable adjusted correlation coefficient (0.9152 for retention time, 0.8985 for tailing factor and 0.8679 for theoretical plates). The models were found to be significant (p < 0.001) having a high F value for each response (15.76 for retention time, 13.12 for tailing factor and 9.99 for theoretical plates). The optimal chromatographic condition uses acetonitrile - potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 4.0; 30 mM) (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase. The temperature, flow rate and injection volume were selected as 35 ± 2 °C, 1.0 mL min(-1) and 20 μL respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and was found to be specific for analyzing glimepiride from a novel supersaturatable self-nanoemulsifying formulation.
Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol called diferuloyl methane, which is extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric) belongs to zingiberaceae family [1] . Curcumin has been associated with many pharmacological activities which include antiproliferative, anticancer, antiangiogenic, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. The major limitations of curcumin is rapid systemic elimination, degradation at alkaline pH, limited oral bioavailability [2,3] . To overcome the limitations of curcumin several novel drug delivery carriers has been tagged to curcumin. These delivery systems increased its aqueous solubility, stability, oral bioavailability and achieved controlled and targeted delivery. For instance, Jithan et al., developed curcumin albumin nanoparticles and investigated its application in breast cancer [4] . The results of the study indicated that the solubility of curcumin in aqueous dissolution medium was increased with the nanoformulation compared to its pure solid form and the formulation can be
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