Discrete-event simulation has been widely used technique in analyzing construction operations for the past three decades due to its great effect on optimizing cost and productivity. In this paper we will present Arena as a tool for simulating earthwork operations, the advantage of Arena is its easiness and flexibility in simulating most kinds of models in different areas of construction. A case study will be presented, a model will be built and results obtained to reveal the mentioned objectives. ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
The present work focuses on developing an experimental system that can generate mechanical simulation movement to the real waves. This developed system will facilitate the researchers within the lab testing unit for evaluating any developed point absorber WEC. Mathematical modeling, construction, and testing of Electro-Hydraulic Wave Simulator that emulates different waveforms are presented. This system provides a realistic way of testing replacing the more expensive methods used to test WECs such as large indoor water tanks or real sea. A low-speed oscillation motion with higher torque is successfully produced by the developed system that is coupled to an electrical generator with a grid frequency. Finally, the model is being validated with experimental data to evaluate model accuracy, where a maximum error of ±0.2% is achieved. A response time of 0.004 s was achieved by the valve model which matched with the manufacturer datasheet. The simulated cylinder position gives a good agreement with the measured position for a step input of 50 cm with a position error of less than 10 mm.
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