An efficient and robust chemical oxidation process using an OZ-3G ozone generator was developed and investigated to degrade and reduce sulphide toxicity in petrochemical wastewater. Different concentrations of sulphide in synthetic wastewater were prepared and evaluated using the Spectrophotometric technique. The values of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and pH were also studied. The obtained results demonstrated that 100 minutes of ozone treatment removed 97.4 % for 40 mg/L concentration. The pH was decreased gradually with the increase along the time of oxidation. Based on the ozone method’s significant results, ozonation can be considered a potential candidate method for wastewater treatment in petroleum refineries.
Electrocoagulation can be considered as a simple and an efficient method for treating both wastewater and water. In this work, a synthetic bentonite suspension water was treated using this technique to reduce turbidity caused by solid particles pollutants. This process was carried out in a batch glass reactor of 1000 ml operated with aluminium electrodes with and without agitation. The removal efficiency as a turbidity removal procedure has been examined using bentonite clay as a turbidity source. The effects of some parameters such as contact time, and electrolyte concentration on the removal efficiency were investigated and compared. The mixing effect over the range (0-800 rpm) on the removal efficiency was also evaluated. The process was found to achieve excellent turbidity removal with mild mixing (550 rpm). In addition, the effect of using Ultrasonic as a mixing source has also been studied. The lowest residual turbidity was found to be 1.0 NTU for the samples with initial turbidities of 500 NTU. Similar final turbidity of 1.0 NTU was obtained after 25 min with initial turbidity of 200 NTU. This was obtained at a current of 750 mA, a contact time of 60 min, and a calculated dissolved aluminium concentration of 10 mg/l.
Corrosion is one of the serious problems in oil and gas industry. So far, many inhibitors have been used to control or reduce corrosion. Nowadays, nano-materials have been employed as inhibitors as well due to their excellent properties such as high surface area, excellent inhibition efficiency, low cost, and minimum toxicity. In the current work, nano-ferrite materials have been used as inhibitors to reduce the corrosion of carbon steel in oil environment (crude oil obtained from Iraqi Majnoon oil field). The anti-corrosion properties of the nickel and zinc ferrite on carbon steel in Iraqi oil media have been evaluated. The nano materials of nickel Ferrities (NiFe2O4) zinc Ferrities (ZnFe2O4) and Zn-Ni doped Ferities (Zn0.6. Ni0.4Fe2O4) were selected as additive ferrites. It has been found that nano-nickel and zinc ferrites could act as an effective corrosion inhibitor for the metal carbon steel. An average reduction of about 38% in the corrosion rate has been achieved when using Zn-Ni doped Ferities (Zn0.6. Ni0.4Fe2O4) with the crude oil as a corrosive environment.
Electrocoagulation has been found to be a promising topic for an efficient remediation of water and wastewater. This is due to its ability to eradicate a wide range of pollutants that are generally harder to remove by other available techniques such as filtration or chemical treatment systems. These contaminants may comprise of heavy metals, suspended solids, emulsified oil, and hydrocarbons. Oily mud wastewater indicates a dangerous threat if released to the environment; as a result, treating it is essential in oil industry. This research has examined a new simple, effective and low cost technique called “electrocoagulation” for the handling of oily mud wastewater using turbidity measurements. “Bench scale” reactor was used to investigate features that may affect the treatment. Al metal was applied as a sacrificial anode. Multi-holes electrodes were structured at horizontal configuration to obtain optimal maximum efficiency. Other tested operation parameters include electrolysis time, initial concentration, applied voltage, the distance separating electrodes, initial pH value and added NaCl concentration. This study demonstrated that this process is a feasible method for treating heavily contaminated oily mud wastewater.
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