Generally, photovoltaic panels convert solar energy into electricity using semiconductor materials in their manufacture by converting energy into electricity by absorbing heat from solar radiation, which requires reducing the heat of these panels to improve the efficiency of electricity generation. Therefore, the issue of cooling photovoltaic panels became one of the objectives that were addressed in many studies, while cost reduction was the most important concern in the manufacture of these panels, followed by low energy consumption. In this work, the performance analysis for PV panels was achieved through using two models (Model-C and Model-S) of open-flow flat collector improves the cooling process for PV panel. The investigations of open-flow flat collector have been performed and analyzed using experimental and numerical methods. The simulation analysis was carried out by ANSYS FLUENT 17.0 software with two open-flow flat collector modules. Results appeared the effect of collector design (fin shape) on PV/T system performance and PV panel temperature, it was the percentage of difference temperature with uncooled PV panel 8.4% and 9.8% for Model-C and Model-S, at 1:00 p.m., while the performance of PV panel increased to 23.9% and 25.3% with both models, respectively at (1:00 p.m.). The evaluation result demonstrates that the performance of PV/T system increased, also the fins in open-flow collector helped the system enhance.
Photovoltaic Cells are devices made of semiconductor materials that is used to convert solar energy to electrical energy in the form of a constant current. The efficiency of the photovoltaic cell increases with the increase in solar radiation while its generation efficiency decreases with the increase in Photovoltaic Cell temperature above the standard temperature. Therefore, researchers implement methods to decrease overheating. One of these methods is using PV/T. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the performance of the Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) system by using Nanofluids with a new design (novelty; sphere fins in open flow flat collector) of the water collector. Experiments were carried out in Iraq/Baghdad/University of Technology. Nanofluids Al2O3/water was used at different volume concentration ratio as 1%, 2%, and 3% for cooling of PV panel. The influence of new design of collector and Nano additives on the PV/T performance at various operational parameters have been simulated and evaluated using ANSYS Fluent software to solved the Navier-Stockes and energy equations. Numerical results noticed a decrease in the surface temperature of the collector by 5.1% when using a Nano liquid with a concentration 1% compared to its temperature when using water only, while it decreases by 6.2% and 7.8% when using concentrations 2% and 3%, respectively at flow rate 3.5 l/min. The evaluation result demonstrates that the performance of PV/T system increased, also the Nanoparticles helped to system enhances.
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