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Aromatic oligoamide sequences able to fold into single helical capsules were functionalized with two types of side chains to make them soluble in various solvents such as chloroform, methanol or water and their propensity to recognize tartaric acid was evaluated. The binding affinities to tartaric acid and binding thermodynamics in different media were investigated by variable temperature (1)H NMR and ITC experiments, the two methods giving consistent results. We show that tartaric acid binding mainly rests on enthalpically favourable polar interactions that were found to be sufficiently strong to be effective in the presence of a polar aprotic solvent (DMSO) and even in pure methanol. Binding in water was very weak. The stronger binding interactions were found to be more susceptible to the effect of competitive solvents and compensated by unfavourable entropic effects. Thus, the best host in a less polar medium eventually was found to be the worst host in protic solvents. An interesting case of entropically driven binding was evidenced in methanol.

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The first straightforward lipase-catalyzed enantioselective access to enantiomerically enriched tiaprofenic acid as a versatile method in chiral separation of racemates is demonstrated. The latter was directly monitored by enantioselective HPLC using a 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate derivative of cellulose-based chiral stationary phase namely Chiralpak IB (the immobilized version of Chiralcel OD). Non-standard HPLC organic solvents were used as diluent to dissolve the "difficult to dissolve" enzyme substrate (the acid) and as eluent for the simultaneous enantioselective HPLC baseline separation of both substrate and product in one run without any further derivatization. The existence of a non-standard HPLC organic solvent (e.g., methyl tert-butyl ether) in the mobile phase composition is mandatory to accomplish the simultaneous enantioselective HPLC baseline separation of both substrate and product.