Aims In a previous work, a pure crystalline titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) were synthesized by green synthesis technique using Aloe vera leaves extract as reducing agent. In this work, we are aiming to investigate the potential of the novel greenly synthesized TiO 2 NPs as a nano-drug delivery system for the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox). Main methods The cytotoxicity of the synthesized TiO 2 NPs was tested on two cell lines; normal human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). Then, Dox was loaded to both TiO 2 NPs (Dox- TiO 2 NPs) and liposomes (Dox-Lip). The loaded nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, FTIR, encapsulation efficiency, particle size and zeta potential measurement. Moreover, in vitro drug release was studied. Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice were used to study the anticancer activity of Dox- TiO 2 NPs, Dox-Lip, and aqueous Dox solution. Tumor volume, survival rate, and histopathological alterations were compared in all groups. Key findings Dox was successfully loaded to both liposomes and TiO 2 NPs with an encapsulation efficiency of 77% and 65%, respectively. The particle size of Dox-TiO 2 NPs, and Dox-Lip was 14.53 nm, and 103 nm, respectively. The cumulative Dox released from TiO 2 NPs and liposomes after 4 h was 18 and 46%, respectively. Dox-Lip and Dox-TiO 2 NPs resulted in the highest degree of tumor growth inhibition with 100% and 83% of treated animals remained alive, respectively. Significance The greenly synthesized TiO 2 NPs were proved to be as effective as liposomes in enhancing the anticancer activity of Dox.

543.422.25:612.824 The increased magnetization and frequency separation at high magnetic field strength, such as 7 T, can provide spectra of high signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. However, most human brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies at 7 T have employed surface coils and thus limited to superficial brain structures. In this study, volume coil excitation together with volume array reception has been utilized to access deeper brain areas. RF power limitations have been addressed by the use of VERSE-modified pulses, and spectra in parietal and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) have been acquired in eight subjects using STEAM with a short echo time of 20 ms. Spectra were analyzed using LC-model. Therefore, an experimental basis set of in vitro spectra was established from 20 human brain metabolite solutions. An exemplary comparison with an optimized PRESS-based single voxel MRS method at 3 T has been performed. Despite the intrinsically lower signal in STEAM, the 7 T spectra show 1.87 times higher signal-to-noise ratio than at 3 T (using PRESS) and more metabolites could be quantified reliably. The results show that the proposed method can be employed at 7 T in deep brain structures and allows the absolute and relative concentrations of human brain metabolites to be determined with low error levels.

Estimation of surface skin dose is very important for patients who undergo breast radiotherapy to show that the skin dose is under the safe level and to avoid tumor recurrence. The aim of this study is utilizing the thermolumiscent dosimeters (TLDs) as a quality control tool in conventional radiotherapy procedures. Twenty patients, undergoing breast removal operations, were stimulated by treatment planning system (TPS) and six lithium floride TLD-LiF chips have been applied at the irradiated breast area. All measurements were performed using a Co-60 teletherapy (open field). All TLD chips were measured using the Harshaw 6600 reader system. The results have shown that the correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman agreement plot of 20 patients at six points illustrated that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between TPS calculations and TLD measurements except at beams centers, where there was a highly significant difference (p<0.001), when the high dose was applied. Thus, it could be concluded that not all locations in the treatment area absorbed the same dose either using TLD measurements or using TPS values

The aim of this study is the determination of radioactivity concentrations of naturally occurring K-40, U-238, and Th-232 and assessment of the annual effective dose of edible plant and its soil samples. The activity concentrations in soil and plant samples were measured using to HPGe-detector and analyzed using Genie2000 software. The radium equivalent, annual absorbed effective dose, indoor, outdoor absorbed dose and hazard index (Hex, Hin and Iɣ) have been estimated for workers. The present study has shown that both the uptake and the activity concentrations of U-238 and Th-232 were significantly low in comparison with K-40 radionuclide in soil and edible plant samples. Interestingly, the results of this research have demonstrated that soil and plant samples, that have been collected from Sharqia governorate, exhibited low activity concentration of radionuclides. Moreover, this decline in the activity concentration of radionuclides is below the worldwide values [1]. Taken together, the results of the present investigation on Radium equivalent, annual absorbed effective dose, indoor, outdoor absorbed dose, and hazard index (H ex , H in and Iɣ) provide compelling evidence that the soil has low U-238, Th-232 and K-40 concentration. Based on the present data, it is tempting to conclude that there is no health risk for eating these edible plants.

The aim of this work is using multi segmented conformal radiotherapy, field in field (FIF) for large breast cancer treatment, the dose coverage of the planning target volume (PTV) and evaluation the radiation load on the organs at risk (OARs). Ten patients with large breasts of mean PTV was 1489 ± 335 Cm 3 were included. Many parameters were used in the dose evaluations in the PTV OARsvolume including ipsi lateral lung, heart, and the contralateral breast, Dose homogeneity index (DHI) and conformity index (PITV). The FIF technique for all patients improved the homogeneity and conformity of the PTV, where the mean values of maximum dose of the PTV was 107%, the volumes over the prescription dose in irradiated volumes received very low doses. For each dosimetry of the organs at risk, the FIF technique reduced the dose that these organs received. It could be concluded that the FIF technique provided a better dose distribution in the PTV, reduced the doses in the OARs and improved the homogeneity and conformity of the planning volume.