The chest X-ray is considered a significant clinical utility for basic examination and diagnosis. The human lung area can be affected by various infections, such as bacteria and viruses, leading to pneumonia. Efficient and reliable classification method facilities the diagnosis of such infections. Deep transfer learning has been introduced for pneumonia detection from chest X-rays in different models. However, there is still a need for further improvements in the feature extraction and advanced classification stages. This paper proposes a classification method with two stages to classify different cases from the chest X-ray images based on a proposed Advanced Squirrel Search Optimization Algorithm (ASSOA). The first stage is the feature learning and extraction processes based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model named ResNet-50 with image augmentation and dropout processes. The ASSOA algorithm is then applied to the extracted features for the feature selection process. Finally, the Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network’s connection weights are optimized by the proposed ASSOA algorithm (using the selected features) to classify input cases. A Kaggle chest X-ray images (Pneumonia) dataset consists of 5,863 X-rays is employed in the experiments. The proposed ASSOA algorithm is compared with the basic Squirrel Search (SS) optimization algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) for feature selection to validate its efficiency. The proposed (ASSOA + MLP) is also compared with other classifiers, based on (SS + MLP), (GWO + MLP), and (GA + MLP), in performance metrics. The proposed (ASSOA + MLP) algorithm achieved a classification mean accuracy of (99.26%). The ASSOA + MLP algorithm also achieved a classification mean accuracy of (99.7%) for a chest X-ray COVID-19 dataset tested from GitHub. The results and statistical tests demonstrate the high effectiveness of the proposed method in determining the infected cases.
The development and deployment of an effective wind speed forecasting technology can improve the stability and safety of power systems with significant wind penetration. However, due to the wind's unpredictable and unstable qualities, accurate forecasting of wind speed and power is extremely challenging. Several algorithms were proposed for this purpose to improve the level of forecasting reliability. A common method for making predictions based on time series data is the long short-term memory (LSTM) network. This paper proposed a machine learning algorithm, called adaptive dynamic particle swarm algorithm (AD-PSO) combined with guided whale optimization algorithm (Guided WOA), for wind speed ensemble forecasting. The proposed AD-PSO-Guided WOA algorithm selects the optimal hyperparameters value of the LSTM deep learning model for forecasting purposes of wind speed. In experiments, a wind power forecasting dataset is employed to predict hourly power generation up to forty-eight hours ahead at seven wind farms. This case study is taken from the Kaggle Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2012 in wind forecasting. The results demonstrated that the AD-PSO-Guided WOA algorithm provides high accuracy and outperforms a number of comparative optimization and deep learning algorithms. Different tests' statistical analysis, including Wilcoxon's rank-sum and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), confirms the accuracy of proposed algorithm.
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