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The composition and the antibacterial activity of the essential oil, isolated by hydrodistillation from the wood burl parts of Tetraclinis articulata from Morocco, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifteen compounds accounting for about 96% of the oil were positively identified. Cedrene (23%), thymol (22%), 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (19%), cedrenol (9.6%), muurolene (5.4%), and sclarene (3%) were found to be the main constituents. The essential oil was tested for antimicrobial activity against four different genera of bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus D. and exhibited considerable inhibitory effects against all bacteria tested with MIC and MIB close to 1.25 ll/mL. The findings of the present study suggest that Tetraclinis articulata oil from hydro-distillation of sawdust from burl wood collected from artisans, has a potential to be used as bactericide.

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Cellulose was modified under mild conditions in order to increase its capability to trap pollutants. Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride (NCHC), with its pyridine ring able to adsorb cations, was grafted on the substrate. This grafting has been monitored by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. We have studied the adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) onto grafted and unmodified cellulose. It was observed that grafting increases three times the retention capacity of cellulose and the kinetics of adsorption is perfectly represented by a pseudo second order model. The adsorption is well described by a Langmuir-type isotherm showing a homogeneous adsorption phenomenon through the formation of a monolayer. Besides the reaction is spontaneous and exothermic, suggesting the possibility of recycling the substrate by desorbing the dye at elevated temperature.

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Cellulose tosylates with different degree of substitution (DS) were prepared by reacting cellulose in DMAc/LiCl with p‐tosyl chloride at 8 °C in the presence of triethylamine. The effects of number of mole of tosyl chloride (A), number of mole of base (triethylamine) (B) and reaction time (C) on DS were studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) known as Box‐Behnken Design (BBD). It was found that A is the main factor influencing DS and the interaction between B and C is negligible. An optimal DS value of 2.79 was obtained with A=6.96 and B=2.99 mol eq. at a reaction time C=24 h. The synthetic polymers were characterized by elemental analyses, FT‐IR, NMR and SEM spectroscopy. The results indicated that the cellulose was successfully tosylated with various DS. Cellulose tosylate with DS=0.5 and DS=2 were subjected to thermo‐gravimetric analysis under inert atmosphere. The kinetic parameters were determined by Coats‐Redfern method. Thermal analyses and kinetics indicates that the lower DS of tosyl group the higher thermal stability is. Thus, cellulose lose its stability after esterification with p‐tosyl chloride.

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