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Strengthening of existing steelwork is often necessary where a change of use or geometric modifications are made. In the case of floor beams, it is particularly common to introduce web openings to accommodate services such as air conditioning etc. The use of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) overcomes several of the difficulties associated with the use of traditional strengthening techniques with welded steel plate. CFRP has a superior strength to weight ratio than steel and has excellent corrosion resistance. In comparison to welded plate, CFRP is generally easier to handle and apply. Currently there is a scarcity of research on the application of CFRP to steel beams with web openings and the work that does exist is limited to relatively small-scale beams. In the present work a numerical model validated against experimental work by the authors is used investigate the application of CFRP to floor beams common in everyday practice. The results show that practical and efficient layouts of CFRP can be used to achieve similar or greater strengthening effect in comparison to traditional steel plate methods.
Fibre reinforced cementitious matric (FRCM) is a recent application of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement, developed to overcome several limitations associated with the use of organic adhesive [e.g. epoxies] in FRPs. It consists of two dimensional FRP mesh saturated with a cement mortar, which is inorganic in nature and compatible with concrete and masonry substrates. In this study, a robust three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model has been developed to study the behaviour of slender reinforced concrete columns confined by FRCM jackets, and loaded concentrically and eccentrically. The model accounts for material nonlinearities in column core and cement mortar, composite failure of FRP mesh, and global buckling. The model response was validated against several laboratory tests from literature, comparing the ultimate load, load-lateral deflection and failure mode. Maximum divergence between numerical and experimental results was 12%. Following the validation, the model will be used later in a comprehensive parametric analysis to gain a profound knowledge of the strengthening system, and examine the effects of several factors expected to influence the behaviour of confined member.
Concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model is used to model the concrete damage through using ABAQUS software. Among several input parameters that should be defined in CDP model, the dilation angle (ψ), eccentricity parameter and tensile behaviour, have been identified as a significant influence on the finite element (FE) results for concrete modelling under static loading while limited studies examined these parameters for concrete subjected to impact load and high-strain rate. This study aims to focus on numerical modelling of impact-loaded concrete, examine and calibrate the above CDP model parameters using three-dimensional FE modelling. Several values of dilation angles, ψ, of 30 to 55 0 and eccentricity parameter of 0.1 to 0.2 have been used to capture the test behaviour. The model tensile softening behaviour was also investigated using three models, bilinear stress-strain, tri-linear stress-strain and stress-crack opening displacement. The FE results revealed that the value of dilation angle ranged 45-50 0 , the eccentricity parameter and tri-linear stress-strain model of tensile softening provided better correlations with test results in terms of displacement-time plots and cracking paths.
This study presents the first investigation into the use of glass fiber reinforced polymer GFRP to strengthen steel beams with web openings. Based on previous research about the strengthening of steel beams with web perforation using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) conducted by one of the contributing authors of this paper, it was decided to investigate the ability of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer, which is less expensive than CFRP materials, to strengthen single rectangular web openings of steel beams. The previous published experimental test was used to validate the proposed numerical model developed with the finite element software ABAQUS, capable of acquiring important phenomena such as debonding between FRP and steel material. The validated simulation was then used to operate a parametric study involving four proposed GFRP strengthening techniques and three distinct pultruded GFRP product thicknesses to reinforce the same steel beam used in the earlier experimental test, having a single rectangular opening shape in two separate positions along the span. From these numerical models, an adequate GFRP strengthening arrangement was found and the possibility of using low-modulus FRP materials rather than the more expensive high-modulus FRP materials for strengthening steel beams with web penetration was confirmed.
Individuals start - ups and large corporations in the healthcare sector have new opportunities to outsource data and outsourcing computation offers to cloud computing. Although the cloud computing paradigm presents users with interesting and cost effective opportunities still in its early stage, and using the cloud introduces with new obstacles. A another issue is the security of cloud data, which may be affected the data particularly in the case of healthcare systems that store and process sensitive data and is outsourced to a cloud computing system.Although there has been significant progress in the development of health services there are still issues that need to be settled regarding, integrity, the security, large-scale deployment, service integration, confidentiality of sensitive medical data. To ensure that sensitive medical data is captured, stored and consumed securely, an information sharing policy syntax based on rules, the Data Capture and Auto Identification Reference (DACAR) platform features a Single Point of Contact as well as data buckets that are hosted on a cost-effective cloud infrastructure and scalable.As a result, security, accuracy, and precision are achieved in this analysis and query time is reduced.
Aerated concrete is produced by introducing gas into a concrete which has a low tensile strength. The aim of the current study is to investigate the behaviour of aerated concrete with different Al content under monotonic loads. A finite element (FE) model to produce a more sophisticated explanation of the AC behaviour in compression, is constructed. The results showed that an increase in Al content caused a decrease in the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and density of aerated concrete. FE outputs hold a close agreement with the experimental values which can be confidently used instead of further potential experimental work. Index Terms-Aerated concrete, aluminium powder, concrete behaviour and finite element.
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