Physical exercise leads to structural changes in the brain. However, it is unclear whether the initiation or continuous practice of physical exercise causes this effect and whether brain connectivity benefits from exercise. We examined the effect of 6 months of exercise on the brain in participants who exercise regularly (n = 25) and in matched healthy controls (n = 20). Diffusion tensor imaging brain scans were obtained from both groups. Our findings demonstrate that regular physical exercise significantly increases the integrity of white matter fiber tracts, especially those related to frontal function. This implies that exercise improves brain connectivity in healthy individuals, which has important implications for understanding the effect of fitness programs on the brains of healthy subjects.
In this study, the response surface method and finite-element analysis were employed to model the ECAP processing for biodegradable magnesium alloy ZK 60 behavior at 250°C. Using Finite-Element (FE) analysis data was extracted and compared to the what was found by experimenting in order to investigate the effects of the ECAP processing parameters on the plastic deformation behavior of the ECAPed samples. The effective strain and stresses as a function of the number of passes were investigated. Hardness contour maps perpendicular to ECAP direction were plotted. Compressive properties of the billets were also examined. The FE analysis revealed that the maximum stresses were displayed at the corner and peripheral areas compared to the central areas. Moreover, straining through two passes of route Bc displayed maximum effective strain of 2.75 recorded in the top peripheral regions, whereas the central regions displayed 1.25. In addition, ECAP processing via 2-Bc correlated with rises in Hv values in the samples peripheries by 125.4% respectively, when compared with the as-annealed conditions. The compression findings showed also significant enhancement of the compressive strength compared to the as-annealed counterparts.
First aid is one of the most important life-saving skills a health provider specifically or anybody generally must have. It can be defined as the first treatment one provides at the site of the accident to the injured person until full medical treatment is available. In some emergency situations, simple first aid can make a life-or-death difference. Aim. This study is designed to evaluate the knowledge of first aid among medical students at KSAU-HS in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods. The cross-sectional study is conducted in KSAU-HS, Riyadh, about the knowledge of first aid among medical students. A self-administered structured questionnaire is used for the purpose of data collection. The main variables are as follows: to compare the knowledge of first aid between male and female medical students, among different years of study, and identify the percentage that have knowledge of first aid. Results. Out of 326 students, 10 students (3.1%) scored excellent, 99 (30.4%) good, 136 (41.7%) average, 75 (23%) poor, and 6 (1.8%) very poor. Conclusion. The level of knowledge improved with the advancement in years, but this was not sufficient, and more training should be given to all medical students on first aid.
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