In this work, the effect of various types of fuels on the performance and efficiency of Al-Khairat gas turbine power plant in Kerbala City, Iraq has been investigated. The plant contains 10 General Electric Frame 9E gas turbine units, each of around 125 MW. Three fuels were used in this study; crude oil, natural gas, and biomass gasification producer (synthesis) gas. Currently, liquid crude oil is used as fuel for this plant. For comparison purposes, this power plant was simulated utilizing Aspen-Hysys software. Hysys simulation modelled in accordance with experimental power plant conditions and data was applied and showed high validity. Due to this validity, the plant’s efficiency and performance were calculated. Similarly, plant efficiency and performance for the other two fuels were also calculated. Furthermore, many important parameters that affect plant efficiency and performance for these three fuels (ambient temperature, pressure ratio, CO2 emission gases, heat rate and fuel consumption) were also investigated. Compared to the other two fuels, results show that the use of natural gas is the optimal choice for the plant, due to its increase of station efficiency and productivity, by approximately 3.12% and 10% respectively. At the same time, it reduced fuel consumption by 6% and produced less emission greenhouse gas.
In this study, the characterizations of some Iraqi biomass agricultural residues have been investigated utilizing proximate, ultimate and caloric value analyses. This provides a preliminary evaluation for these types of solid biomass in terms of their potential for use directly or indirectly as fuels, especially for thermo-chemical processes such as combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis processes. For this work, five different types of Iraqi agricultural waste materials, namely Dodona trees, kernels of dates, corn silk-husk, sunflower seed husks, and reeds were studied. These materials are abundant wastes in Iraq, especially in the central and southern regions. The proximate analysis of moisture content, volatile matters, ash content, and fixed carbon tests were experimentally conducted for those five biomass materials, according to the British Standards Institution. In contrast, ultimate analysis was primarily represented by elements analysis. Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Sulfur (S) were calculated theoretically using highly accurate correlations. These correlations depended mainly on proximate analysis element results. A similar procedure of calculations was followed for the caloric value estimation. The results of this study show that for moisture content, Dodona tree and reed stalks have highest percentage. whilst the other biomass materials fall within the typical standard analysis 6–10 %. A good result was obtained for ash content. It shows a low weight percentage, which ranged from 0.77 to 3.5%. Given a high percentage of volatile matters for all materials except Dodona tree, these materials can be considered have high reactivity. The results for the important characteristic, higher heating values (HHV) for all biomass materials, were located in a typical range, 16–20 MJ/kg. In general, the results show that most of these interesting biomass materials have positive potential for fuel energy utilization.
Several researchers are very interested in mixed convection heat transfer because of how widely it is used, particularly for solar thermal collectors, cooling electronic equipment, and chemical process instruments. Using COMSOL-Multiphysics, this article establishes laminar coupled mixed convection heat transfer characteristics across a horizontal channel–cavity architecture. Investigations are conducted into the effect of heat source location on isotherms, velocity distribution, pressure, temperature, average and local Nusselt numbers, and air density. The intake airflow Reynolds number is assumed constant on 2.8814. The enclosure with an isothermally heated right wall in the shape of a “<” as a heat source in three configurations (heat source in the base (1st case), in the upper step (2nd case), and the below step (3rd case). The obtained numerical results present that the higher heat transfer is performed in case two because the heat source is near the contact surface between the channel and the cavity. With the hot sources’ locations being altered, the velocity distribution seems to be unchanged. The increase in the positive y axis has no impact on the pressure distribution throughout the channel. Changing the position of the heated source does not seem to have any impact on the pressure distribution. Air density profiles start to diverge across cases around y = 0.035 m; the third example has a larger value than the second case, and the latter case has a larger value in the density distribution than the former. The contact between the enclosure and the channel (y = 0), where the greatest Nusselt number also occurs, exhibits the highest heat transfer. The maximal Nusselt number falls as y’s absolute value rises.
Studying industries energy saving is very important prospect for many researchers in the last four decades. In this respect, better process heat transfer can be achieved to improve process operating and capital cost. Thereafter, obtaining higher amount of heat recovery, which will help to reach system optimum heat exchanger network design. Application of Pinch analysis (PA) in our current study, was found to be as an effective method towards economic solution and assessment for all system thermal processes. Whereby, minimizing energy losses, and thus, prediction of maximum energy saving. In addition, application of "Aspen Energy Analyzer (AEA)" simulation software assist our effort to optimize Heat Exchanger Network design (HEN), with various application scenario towards best design. This study represents a "Case study" as a Brayton closed cycle gas turbine power plant in Al-khairat district, which is one of a number of sites used to generate electricity for Iraq national grid. However, the plant original design is open cycle. This study, represent an attempt to apply (PA) in system closed cycle model with the same working conditions. The results predicted, on the contrary of open cycle, that using closed cycle (PA) with temperature difference ∆Tmin can be acceptable with several design propositions. The optimum (∆Tmin = 15℃) were evaluated in the closed cycle system pinch analysis, thereby the maximum Qrec. process that minimize the QHmin & QCmin requirement were identified by the software simulation for the best HEN design. These results were found as Qrec. = 318.330 MW, QHmin = 88.607 MW and QCmin =39.564 MW.
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