Advancements in broadband and mobile communication have provided many privileges to its subscribers, such as high-speed data connectivity and good quality voice and video application services for economical rates. WIMAX is an eminent technology that provides broadband and IP connectivity to "last mile" scenarios. It offers both line of sight and non-line of sight wireless communication. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access, which uses the concept of cyclic prefix to add additional bits at the transmitter end, is used by WIMAX on its physical layer. The signal is transmitted through the channel and then received at the receiver end. Afterwards, the receiver removes these additional bits in order to minimize the inter symbol interference, improve the bit error rate, and reduce the power spectrum. In our research work, we investigated the physical layer performance on the basis of bit error rate and of signal-to-noise ratio. These parameters are discussed in four different models. This paper seeks a new approach to the adaptation of the WIMAX IEEE802.16e baseband for the SFF SDR Development Platform. The original implementation of the signal processing phase is proposed in order to dynamically support incoming signals of the WIMAX baseband.
Cadmium-tin oxide (CSO) thin films were fabricated by spray pyrolysis method at different substrate temperatures (Ts). The results showed a significant effect of Ts on the surface morphology and the electrical properties, which in turn has a significant effect on sensor gas sensitivity. The sample prepared at 400 °C appeared in the form of a donut shape, which has the best ozone sensitivity. No ozone sensitivity appeared in-dark, while showed good sensitivity when illuminated with UV at room temperature (RT). The study showed that the photon exposure method can substitute for the conventional method of sensors heating.
In this paper, a square Sierpinski fractal microstrip patch antenna over a rectangular-shaped partial ground plane is introduced. A self-similar property of fractal geometry is used based on the iteration algorithm that reaches up to four iterations. It is simulated by High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software package version.14. A square slot is used to enhance antenna performance such as bandwidth and reflection coefficient S11. This antenna has been designed on an FR4 substrate with a compact size of (34×34) mm2, 1.5mm substrate thickness h, a permittivity of 4.3 and 0.02 loss tangent. Microstrip line feed is implemented to excite the proposed antenna. This antenna is designed for wide bandwidth (2.7-5.7) GHz, and it has two resonant frequencies at 3.2GHz and 4.8GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 3GHz. Four parameters are optimized in order to achieve wider bandwidth such as length of ground Lg , the width of feed line Wf , square slot area, and feed point position X. Also, the surface current distribution at various frequencies is presented. Simulation results indicate a good reflection coefficient S11 values equal to -17.7 dB and -43.1dB at two resonant frequencies (3.2, 4.8) GHz and radiation efficiency about 75% with a peak gain of 3.72dB. This antenna is suitable for various wireless applications such as S-band applications like radar and some communication satellite such as (wireless LAN, Bluetooth, GPS, microwave devices/communications and mobile phone), also it can be used in the lower portion of C-band.
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are a gathering of several low-power and low-cost network sensors which are used to sense an environment, collect data, process the collected data, and transmit the handled data to a base station (BS) through the cluster heads (CH). The CH collects the sensed and processed information from the sensors and transmit them to the base station for the analysis. In WSN, the major problem encountered is energy whole problem which results from energy depletion in the nodes near the BS. This work proposed the use of LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) algorithm to which ensures a balance between energy consumption and delay to resolve energy problem in WSNs.
Microwave imagery for identification of Breast cancer is based on the electrical contrast between fatty breast tissues. We implemented a simple fractal antenna in this paper (peano patch antenna) in the Ultra-Wideband frequency (6.744) GHZ as low as (-42.657 dB). For breast imaging on a microwave system, the option of antenna is made of an antenna array consisting of 18 antennas. For better detection of tumors, the antenna is positioned in a circular design so that it can be faced directly to the phantom of the breast. This choice is made by positioning the array antennas on the breast skin to test the magnetic, electrical fields and current density in healthy tissue of breast phantom built and simulated in the studio simulator CST Microwave.
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