Objectives: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are the most common inherited red blood cell (RBC) disorders. The aim of this study was to determine, compare, and correlate G6PD activities with hematological parameters in SCD patients with deficient and non-deficient G6PD and healthy controls in Sana'a, Yemen. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 SCD patients (SCA = 84; SCT = 66) and 150 controls who attended some hospitals in Sana’a from April to June 2022. Five milliliters of venous blood were used for the estimation of CBC and G6PD activity. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The SCD patients had significantly lower Hb, PCV, and RBC and higher reticulocytes than controls (P ˂ 0.020). The SCA patients were significantly lower in Hb, PCV, and MCHC and higher in reticulocytes than SCT. G6PD deficiency was found in 26% of the SCD patients, and it was more prevalent in SCA than in SCT and in males than in females. The deficient patients had significantly lower Hb and PCV and higher reticulocytes than non-deficient patients. G6PD activity was found to be positively related to Hb and PCV. Conclusion: G6PD deficiency was more common in SCA patients and had an impact on hematological parameters, which could lead to increased RBC hemolysis. As a result, screening SCA patients for G6PD levels during diagnosis and treatment is advised.
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the myeloid cell lineage within the bone marrow (BM). It is caused by chromosomal abnormalities resulting in the accumulation of myeloblasts within the BM and infiltration of peripheral tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, subtypes, and hematological features of AML among patients at the National Oncology Center (NOC) in Sana'a. Methods This retrospectively registered study was carried out on 747 patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies (HMs). It included 472 (63.2%) males and 275 (36.8%) females, aged 1 to 75 years. The registered data was collected from the NOC in Sana'a, Yemen, between March 2020 and May 2022. These patients came to the NOC from different hospitals and clinics in Sana’a as well as from other governorates. The patients came to NOC for a better diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The diagnosis of AML was performed by CBC, Giemsa-stained blood/BM films, and immunophenotypic using flow cytometry to confirm, if necessary, the definitive diagnosis. The SPSS-26 program was used to analyze the data. Results Among 747 patients, there were 175 (23.4%) patients diagnosed with AML. It included 98 (56%) males and 77 (44%) females, ages 1 to 75. Acute leukemia (ALL and AML) and chronic leukemia (CML and CLL) were detected in 543 (79.7%) and 138 (20.3%) patients, respectively. The relative frequencies of leukemia were ALL, AML, CML, and CLL, which were detected in 49.30%, 23.43%, 11.65%, and 6.83% of patients, respectively. FAB-M2 was observed in 48.57% of patients, followed by M5 (17.72%), M1 (15.43%), M3 (11.43%), M4 (5.71%), and the less common M0 (0.57%), M7 (0.57%), and M6 (0%). The hematological features in AML patients include decreased Hb, increased WBC, and decreased platelets in 96.6%, 81.7%, and 100% of patients, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between age and Hb (p = 0.009) and WBC (p = 0.002), and between Hb and WBC (p = 0.001). Conclusion Leukemia was the most common type among hematological malignancies (HMs). ALL and AML constitute approximately a half and a quarter of leukemia. AML-M2 was the most common FAB subtype in half of the AML patients.
Objectives: Anemia in pregnancy is a serious public health problem in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Sana’a, Yemen. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 260 pregnant women attended some government and private hospitals in Sana'a from November 2021 to January 2022. Sociodemographic data were collected using structured questionnaires Blood samples were collected and analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations using a hematology Sysmex analyzer. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Descriptive, bivariate chi-square and logistic regression analyses were done. Results and discussion: The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 44.2%. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemias were 18.8%, 25.0%, and 0.4%., respectively. Moderate anemia was the most common anemia. Risk factors associated with anemia were low family monthly income, the presence of health problems, and lack of supplements taken. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia was high and represents a severe problem among pregnant women. Identification of risk factors may help in the prevention and control of anemia.
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