BACKGROUND:Although education is one of the most substantial needs of patients that should be taught by nurses and midwives, it is not clearly defined through the hidden curriculum in students’ teaching programs. The aim of this study was to explore the patient education through the hidden curriculum in the perspectives of nursing and midwifery students.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A qualitative, content analysis study was performed and twenty nursing and midwifery students were interviewed. Data were collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach.RESULTS:Students’ perception of the hidden curriculum in patient education emerged in three main themes concerning: (1) interactions, (2) teaching and learning opportunities, and (3) reflective evaluation.CONCLUSIONS:The hidden curriculum in patient education can be transferred as interactions between professors, students, nurses, doctors, and also patients who are rooted from paying attention to the human dimension of the patient, avoiding the materialistic treatment of the patient and treating the patient with dignity. Educational policies and students’ assignments should be designed based on the patient's educational goals and the goal of evaluation has to be presented to the students clearly.

Female sexual dysfunctions are common in the general population and remain a multifaceted problem that continues to be under recognized and under treated. This article reports a descriptive analytic study to assess prevalence of female sexual dysfunction and related factors for under treatment. In this cross sectional study, 1054 married women age 18-59 years were randomly selected from rural and urban health centers of Bushehr province. Data was collected by a questionnaire for demographic characteristic and Female Sexual Function Index for assessment of sexual dysfunction. For data analysis descriptive analytic tests were used. A total of 71.1% of subjects reported desire disorder. Prevalence of arousal, lubricating, orgasmic and pain disorders were 66.4, 38, 34.8 and 38.4%, respectively. Desire and arousal disorder were significantly interrelated with age, educational level, economic and marital status, smoking behavior of subjects and age, educational level, occupation and marital status of their husbands. Lubricating disorder was interrelated with age, educational level, occupation, smoking behavior and economic status of subjects and age, educational level and occupation of their husbands. Orgasmic disorder was significantly interrelated with age, educational level, occupation, economic status and smoking behavior of subjects and age, educational level and occupation of their husbands. There was a significant relationship between pain disorder with age, smoking, economic status of subjects and age, educational level, occupation of their husbands. 47.1 percent of subjects agreed that they had a problem. Only 9.2% of them reported going for treatment. Most of participants reported that they were ashamed of talking about these problems. Female sexual dysfunction is prevalent in Bushehr province but treatment rate is

The most common method of blood sampling is vein puncture.Therefore, according to the vein puncture technique is invasive and painful,This question is still raised whether intravenous lines can be used for sampling blood?Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of determining and comparing the experimental values of complete blood cell count and biochemical through taking blood samples from peripheral vein infusion line and routine blood sampling procedure. This quasi-experimental intervention study was done on 60patients hospitalized in the internal medicine ward who were selected for blood sampling.Two samples were taken from each patient through peripheral intravenous line after stopped infusion fluid of peripheral catheter(case)for one minute and through the routine blood sampling procedure (control).Then all the samples were analyzed in terms of the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets,hemoglobin ,Hematocrit,sodium,potassium,urea and creatinin using SPSS software19,paired t-test and Pearson correlation. Differences of hemoglobin and hematocrit contents,sodium and potassium through IVand vein puncture methods were significant. It can be used to blood samples taken from a peripheral vein infusion line in order to measuring the amount of white blood cells,red blood cells,platelets,urea and creatinin levels after stopping one minute of flow infusion in vulnerable patients.

Background:Most blood tests require venous blood samples. Puncturing the vein also causes pain, infection, or damage to the blood, and lymph flow, or long-term healing. This study aimed to determine and compare the biochemical laboratory value of the blood samples that were provided through: peripheral vein infusion (PVI) receiving continuous intravenous fluid; and the usual method of blood sampling.Methods:This is an interventional, quasi-experimental, and controlled study. The selected study sample included 60 patients, who were hospitalized during 2014, in the Internal Medicine, part of Martyrs of Persian Gulf, teaching hospital at Bushehr. Three blood samples were taken from each patient that were provided through PVI line (5 ml blood collected at beginning of IVC and then another 5 cc), and another case was prepared by common blood sampling (control). All the samples were analyzed in terms of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine using SPSS Ver.19 software, by paired t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficients.Results:There was a statistically significant difference between the amount of sodium and potassium in the first blood samples taken from the intravenous infusion line and vein puncture. However, no significant differences were found among the biochemical amount in the second blood samples taken from the intravenous infusion line and vein puncture.Conclusions:We can use blood samples taken from peripheral intravenous infusion lines after 5cc discarding from the first part of the sample for measuring the value of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine.

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