In this age of transition from decades of turmoil and instability in urban areas, urban centers validate their prestige and importance as a commercial, cultural and recreational center. Urban centers as the housing and shelter for millions of people and visitors will facilitate and improve human interaction. Since the city is very complex, existence and attendance of cycles of declining and wane, reform and reconstruction are obvious. At the best form, appearance of a city will be realized from its center & heart. Recently, in western countries, having vibrant and dynamic urban centers has caught the attention of many scholars. Actually creating an environment where social interaction is high and gives people a sense of vitality. On the other hand, to include such dynamism in context of an urban center, it needs adequate respondents. Therefore, in this paper, at firs the criteria for responsive environments, characters of a vibrant city center and the main & common features between them is introduced, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), criteria are weighted and prioritized. The results show that, sustaining the above criteria and codifying proposed policies and strategies, helps to recreate the historic core of Qazvin city.
The present study, using genetic algorithm, tries to improve material flow management in supply chain. Consequently, in this paper, an integrated supply-production and distribution planning (SPDP) is considered despite the fact that in most of the Iranian industrial firms, SPDP is done independently. The effective use of integrated SPDP not only enhances the performance rather decreases inventory cost, holding cost, shortage cost and overall supply chain costs. A quantitative mathematical model is used to the problem articulation, and then it is solved by applying heuristic genetic algorithm (GA) method. The proposed model with genetic algorithm could provide the best satisfactory result with the minimum cost. The reliability test was carried by comparing the model results with that of the amount of variables.
The present study, using genetic algorithm, tries to improve material flow management in supply chain. Consequently, in this paper, an integrated supply-production and distribution planning (SPDP) is considered despite the fact that in most of the Iranian industrial firms, SPDP is done independently. The effective use of integrated SPDP not only enhances the performance rather decreases inventory cost, holding cost, shortage cost and overall supply chain costs. A quantitative mathematical model is used to the problem articulation, and then it is solved by applying heuristic genetic algorithm (GA) method. The proposed model with genetic algorithm could provide the best satisfactory result with the minimum cost. The reliability test was carried by comparing the model results with that of the amount of variables.
To date, the necessity of security has always been felt in human lives and is one of the most basic human needs. On the other hand, urban space has the highest correlation with people and life environment and therefore it has an important role in giving identity and relaxation to citizens. Nowadays, paying attention to the concept of citizen's security and using various methods to promote are the main concerns of urban designers and authorities. Therefore, establishing a safe city by using efficient urban designs are resulted in environmental aesthetics, improving the quality of city framework and reducing urban crimes in addition to social, cultural and psychological impacts. The present study sought to identify effective environmental quality criteria on security such as accessibility, urban furniture, light and lighting designs, the role of pedestrian in addition to analyzing them and doing important factor of criteria using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model of weighting. Finally, two cases (Sepah and Molavi districts) were evaluated according to these criteria in terms of security. The results of the present study indicated that urban space design associated with presenting desirable environmental quality has a direct correlation with the security of citizens.
The silica supported palladium nano particle were synthesized by using the sol-gel method. The possibility of using palladium (II) nitrate dehydrates as Pd precursor and effect of metal precursor concentration on the final Pd nanoparticle size was investigated. A stable silica sol was prepared via hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a metal alchoxide and condensation reaction.Subsequently, Palladium (II) nitrate dehydrates was added to sol to form the Pd/silica sol. After drying and calcination of the sol, the Pd/SiO 2 nanocpmposite has been obtained. Crystallographic information and crystalline size of the synthesized Pd/SiO 2 were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Morphology of the nanoparticles and hydrogen-bonding interaction between silanol groups and amine ligands were characterized by SEM and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, respectively. Finally, the distribution and size of the palladium nanoparticles in the silica was evaluated.
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