Introduction: Milk donation is allowed in Islam and considered a virtue, though according to Islam Sharia, feeding donated milk of other mothers leads to kinship between infants, complicating milk donation programs in Islamic countries. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude of Iranian Muslim mothers regarding milk donation and milk banks. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 634 mothers of infants below 1 year of age were recruited using cluster random sampling from health care centers in Tabriz, Iran. Data were collected by questionnaire. Results: The findings revealed a low level of knowledge but relatively positive attitudes. Knowledge predictors were education level, income, type of birth, breastfeeding experience, encouragement to donate milk, and hearing about milk donation ( p ≤ .02). Predictors of attitude were knowledge score and encouragement to donate milk ( p ≤ .001). Discussion: Comprehensive, culturally congruent education of mothers during pregnancy and post-pregnancy related to milk banks is recommended.

Background Rectal and colon cancer are the second and third leading causes of cancer death in men and women in the United States. The incidence of colon and rectal cancer in Iran has increased over the past 25 years. Colorectal cancer has significant effects on the health and economy of societies. Despite developments in treatment, the numeral of people with a history of Cancer is growing. These embrace survivors alive with a permanent ostomy. Ostomies can negatively affect health-related quality of life among cancer survivors. Method This study is descriptive-comparative. To conduct the above study, 252 patients with colorectal cancer were included in the study by a convenient method and based on the inclusion criteria. The data collection tools included the demographic information form and the shortened form of the valid and reliable health-related quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). The validity and reliability of these questionnaires have already been measured. Statistical analyzes were performed using IBM SPSS statistics version 24. Results In this study, the health-related quality of life score was 43.03 ± 17.08 in people with colostomy and 51.38 ± 15.57 in people without colostomy, which indicates that the quality of life is low in these patients. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in physical performance, role limitation due to physical health, role limitation due to emotional problems and health-related quality of life in people with and without bags (P < 0.005). Conclusion Health planners at the macro level and health service providers at the micro level should be aware of the importance of this issue and provide timely interventions to improve HRQOL, and pay special attention to those aspects of HRQOL that are of great importance.

Cancer is a family of diseases unique to multicellular organisms characterized by uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells. Gastrointestinal Cancer is one of the most common cancers associated with high mortality. Colon and rectal cancer are among the most critical public health problems worldwide, so nearly one million new colon and rectal cancer cases are diagnosed every year, and nearly half of the cases die. In 1999, Laumann and his colleagues defined sexual dysfunction as a significant public health problem. Many people who have survived colorectal Cancer are sexually active. These people can have problems with their sexual performance due to reasons such as therapeutic surgeries, radiotherapy, or the presence of an ostomy. This study is descriptive-comparative. To conduct the above study, 252 patients with colorectal Cancer were included in the study by a convenient method based on the inclusion criteria and after obtaining informed consent. The data collection tools included the demographic information form, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and the Women's Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The validity and reliability of these questionnaires have already been measured. Statistical analyzes were performed using IBM SPSS statistics version 24. According to the results of statistical analysis, the IIEF total score for men with a colostomy is 26.17 ± 15.30 and without a colostomy, is 29.05 ± 17.14, as well as the total FSFI score for women with a colostomy, is 7.21 ± 6.40 and without a colostomy is 14.67 ± 9.10. There was no statistically significant difference in the sexual performance score of men with pouches compared to men without pouches (P > 0.05). The sexual performance score of women with bags compared to women without bags had a lower sexual performance score, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Therefore, an ostomy in women causes a drop in FSFI. Health planners at the macro level and health service providers at the micro level should be aware of the importance of this issue and provide timely interventions to improve sexual performance and pay special attention to those aspects of FSFI that are of great importance.

Background & Aims: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and is associated with a significant mortality rate. The survival rate in colorectal cancer is completely related to the time of its diagnosis and so screening is a valuable method for its early detection. This study was performed to determine the predictive factors for participation in colorectal cancer screening based on the BASNEF model. Materials & Methods:This is a predictive correlational study that was performed on 576 subjects over the age of 50 in Tabriz in 2019. The sampling method was multi-stage clustering method. To collect the data, a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the constructs of BASNEF model were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results: Only 20.4% of patients reported a history of performing fecal occult blood test and 9.5% of patients reported a history of colonoscopy. Based on linear regression modeling, among BASNEF model's constructs, knowledge and subjective norm and also marital status, smoking and education were significantly related to colorectal cancer screening participation (p <0.05); and these variables can predict 23.9% of changes of variance of colorectal cancer screening participation. Conclusion:The constructs of the BASNEF model are good predictors of participation in colorectal cancer screening. Regarding the importance of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and the low rate of participation in its screening, it is necessary for policymakers to pay more attention to predictive/effective factors in participation of colorectal cancer screening and use interventions such as raising awareness and using important resources of subjective norms.