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Thermal loading by radiant heaters is used in building heating and hot structure design applications. In this research, characteristics of the thermal radiative heating of an enclosure by a distinct heater are investigated from the second law of thermodynamics point of view. The governing equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy (fluid and solid) are solved by the finite volume method and the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations (SIMPLE) algorithm. Radiant heaters are modeled by constant heat flux elements, and the lower wall is held at a constant temperature while the other boundaries are adiabatic. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of the fluid are temperature-dependent, which leads to complex partial differential equations with nonlinear coefficients. The parameter study is done based on the amount of thermal load (presented by heating number) as well as geometrical configuration parameters, such as the aspect ratio of the enclosure and the radiant heater number. The results present the effect of thermal and geometrical parameters on entropy generation and the distribution field. Furthermore, the effect of thermal radiative heating on both of the components of entropy generation (viscous dissipation and heat dissipation) is investigated.

We present a numerical investigation of tapered arteries that addresses the transient simulation of non-Newtonian bio-magnetic fluid dynamics (BFD) of blood through a stenosis artery in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The current model is consistent with ferro-hydrodynamic (FHD) and magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) principles. In the present work, blood in small arteries is analyzed using the Carreau-Yasuda model. The arterial wall is assumed to be fixed with cosine geometry for the stenosis. A parametric study was conducted to reveal the effects of the stenosis intensity and the Hartman number on a wide range of flow parameters, such as the flow velocity, temperature, and wall shear stress. Current findings are in a good agreement with recent findings in previous research studies. The results show that wall temperature control can keep the blood in its ideal blood temperature range (below 40°C) and that a severe pressure drop occurs for blockages of more than 60 percent. Additionally, with an increase in the Ha number, a velocity drop in the blood vessel is experienced.

In this paper, we studied the effects of thermal radiation, Joule heating and viscous dissipation on forced convection flow in a magnetohydrodynamics (namely MHD) pump in rectangular channel with uniform surface temperature. Numerical results were obtained by solving the nonlinear governing momentum and energy equations with steady state fully developed assumptions by finite difference method. The Lorentz force in momentum and Joule heating, and viscous dissipation in energy equation with the Rossel and approximation are assumed to increase the knowledge of the details of the temperature and flow field in order to design a MHD pump. The purpose of this study is the parametric study of a Newtonian fluid in a MHD pump. The values of maximum velocity, fully developed Nusselt number for different values of magnetic density flux, Brinkman number, viscous heating and radiation number are obtained. However, the maximum temperature stays almost constant with magnetic field, as current increases, the velocity and the temperature increase too. Besides, the increase of thermal radiation number causes the increase in effective thermal conductivity and decrease in thermal boundary layer and the Nusselt number at wall.

Abstract. The aim of this paper is numerical analysis of plain journal bearing with Nano particle added lubricating oil. The fluid film bearing is studied with the modified Reynolds equation which considered time dependent inertia effects at rotating speeds with the linearized turbulence. The research is performed for numerous nano-fluids include nanoparticles of CuO, TiO 2 , Ag and Cu and SAE 20W50 as a base fluid. The time transient governing equations include the incompressible mass conservation equation, Navier-Stokes momentum equations for thin film lubrication, and full kinematic including shaft accelerations are solved numerically. Two cases of long and short bearings are studied with Sommerfeld and Gumbel boundary conditions. Linearized force coefficients such as mass, stiffness and damping factors are obtained for an ordinary journal bearing. The ordinary plain journal bearing velocity response and the rotor displacements when sudden forces applied by rigid rotor symmetrically is achieved. The results prove that using the nanoparticle enhanced lubricant causes higher mass coefficients, damping ratios and fluid effective stiffness.