Peripheral neurotoxicity is one of the serious dose-limiting side effects of oxaliplatin (Oxa) when used in the treatment of malignant conditions. It is documented that it elicits major side effects specifically neurotoxicity due to oxidative stress forcing the patients to limit its clinical use in long-term treatment. Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in Oxa-induced toxicity including neurotoxicity. The mitochondria have recently emerged as targets for anticancer drugs in various kinds of toxicity including neurotoxicity that can lead to neoplastic disease. However, there is paucity of literature involving the role of the mitochondria in mediating Oxa-induced neurotoxicity and its underlying mechanism is still debatable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent damage caused by Oxa on isolated brain mitochondria under in vitro conditions. The study was also designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of nutraceuticals, curcumin (CMN), and quercetin (QR) on Oxa-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and respiratory chain complexes in the brain of rats. Oxidative stress biomarkers, levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants, activities of enzymatic antioxidants, and mitochondrial complexes were evaluated against the neurotoxicity induced by Oxa. Pretreatment with CMN and QR significantly replenished the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation levels and protein carbonyl content induced by Oxa. CMN and QR ameliorated altered nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants and complex enzymes of mitochondria. We conclude that CMN and QR, by attenuating oxidative stress as evident by mitochondrial dysfunction, hold promise as agents that can potentially reduce Oxa-induced adverse effects in the brain.
It is suggested that mitochondria can be employed as a model for future investigations of anticancer drug-induced hepatotoxicity under in vitro conditions. Studies with selected pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals might certainly play a definite role in deciphering cellular and molecular mechanisms of CP-induced hepatotoxicity and its amelioration.
Abstract. Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) is the most frequent type of myotendinosis and can be responsible for substantial pain and loss of function of the affected limb. Muscular biomechanics characteristics and equipment are important in preventing the conditions. This article present on overview of the current knowledge on lateral Epicondylitis and focuses on Etiology, Diagnosis and treatment strategies, conservative treatment are discussed and recent surgical techniques are outlined. This information should assist health care practitioners who treat patients with this disorder.
Cancer is one of the major cause of death worldwide. Malignant cells display metabolic changes, when compared to normal cells, because of both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Number of drugs being used for the cancer treatment follows different mechanisms of action. Therapeutic strategies include targeting of drugs at specific genes or proteins/enzymes found in cancer cells or the internal tissue environment which contributes to growth and survival of these cells. Targeted therapy is often used along with chemotherapy and other treatments to restrict the growth and spread of cancer cells. During the past few decades, targeted therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the development of selective anticancer agents. There is a class of targeted therapy drugs called angiogenesis inhibitors which focus on blocking the development of new blood vessels in tumor tissues. In addition, anticancer drugs also include DNA intercalators, DNA synthesis inhibitors, transcription regulators, enzyme inhibitors etc. This review focuses on major classes of anticancer drug targets and their therapeutic importance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.