Cancer is the most dangerous disease to haunt the mankind in the world today. Generally, the overall cancer mortality rates are similar in both the sexes. The reasons for most of these deaths are inefficacy and failure of the current methods of treatments or the unavailability of treatment options. The researchers of the world are actively integrating nanotechnology of treating of various cancers. The development of smart nanocarriers is one of the most important innovations in this direction. The nanocarriers of the different materials are being developed to improve the efficacy of current treatments. The present article describes the role of nanotechnology in cancer treatment emphasizing cancer nanotherapy, nanocarriers for drug delivery, types and the mechanisms of the nanocarriers. Besides, the efforts are made to discuss the recent advances in the nanocarriers, current challenges and the future prospective.

Hybrid electric vehicles are an effective alternative to the conventional fuel engine vehicles and thus efficient and intelligent energy management is the key for establishing a significant market for the hybrid electric vehicles globally. Recent developments in the field of intelligent techniques and demand to make the energy systems intelligent have become a means to develop energy efficient hybrid electric vehicles. The energy management issue becomes vital in order to enhance the autonomy of hybrid electric vehicles and to reduce the costs. Therefore, a novel approach with intelligent techniques, to control the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, in front of different customer profiles has been presented. This paper presents the battery performance improvement of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle using fuzzy logic controller and neural fuzzy logic controller with battery state of charge as a deciding parameter and consequently comparing the performance of both cases. The battery state of charge and engine speed as input has been selected and based on their values the advanced controller decides the accurate torque required to be converted to energy which could be used to charge the battery and this can be achieved by controlling the forward gain value. For this, an advanced fuzzy controller and advanced adaptive nuero fuzzy inference system controller are used to decide the value of forward gain. Simulink environment is used to simulate the performance of the proposed system. This could be helpful in deciding which type of intelligent system is to be used for the power efficient operation of the hybrid electric vehicle. The results of both the control techniques are compared and the better controller is recommended for energy management of a plug-in electric vehicles. The results indicate that advanced control techniques provide the good performance and improving the fuel budget of hybrid electric vehicles.

In regards to the Cannizzaro reaction and its peculiar mechanism, some researchers have presented a free radical mechanism for the Cannizzaro reaction, while others have found that it is feasible through an ionic mechanism, but the actual mechanism has not been finalized yet. The researchers have given the proof of both the mechanisms through their papers published. Actually, Cannizzaro reaction may occur through both mechanisms depending on both molecular structure and different conditions which are yet to be explained. Recently published papers describe that free radical mechanism occurs only in a heterogeneous medium, while an ionic mechanism occurs in a homogeneous medium. We revealed no explanation of the molecular structure-based reason, responsible for a radical or an ionic mechanism. The present paper reviews not only homogeneous/heterogeneous medium conditions but also molecular structure-based facts, which may be responsible for the Cannizzaro reaction to occur through the radical or ionic mechanism, and that may be acceptable to the scientific society. Besides, Density Functional Theory study using Gaussian software was also involved in the explanation of the molecular structure, responsible for one of the two mechanisms. Also, the present paper specifies all points related to future perspectives on which additional studies are required to understand the actual mechanism with a definite molecular structure in the different reaction media.

Ionic liquids are a very important class of compounds due to their remarkable properties and wide range of applications. On the other hand, capillary electrophoresis is also gaining importance in separation science because of its fast speed and inexpensive nature. The use of ionic liquids in capillary electrophoresis is gaining importance continuously. The present review article describes the applications of ionic liquids in capillary electrophoresis. This article also describes the general aspects of ionic liquids and capillary electrophoresis. The use of ionic liquids in capillary electrophoresis, optimization of separation, mechanism of separation, and toxicity of ionic liquids, as well as their future perspectives, have also been discussed. It was observed that not much work has been performed in capillary electrophoresis using ionic liquids. It was also realized that the use of ionic liquids in capillary electrophoresis could revolutionize analytical science. Briefly, there is a great need for the use of ionic liquids in capillary electrophoresis for better and more effective separation.

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Polymer colloids have remarkable features and are gaining importance in many areas of research including medicinal science. Presently, the innovation of cancer drugs is at the top in the world. Polymer colloids have been used as drug delivery and diagnosis agents in cancer treatment. The polymer colloids may be of different types such as micelles, liposomes, emulsions, cationic carriers, and hydrogels. The current article describes the state-of-the-art polymer colloids for the treatment of cancer. The contents of this article are about the role of polymeric nanomaterials with special emphasis on the different types of colloidal materials and their applications in targeted cancer therapy including cancer diagnoses. In addition, attempts are made to discuss future perspectives. This article will be useful for academics, researchers, and regulatory authorities.

Cancer cannot be ignored since it is the most dangerous disease because it is a major cause of death globally with 15% mortality. Researchers have been attracted to the plant-based solution of this havoc. Among all plants, Syzygium aromaticum has shown tremendous results in many aspects such as anticancer, antioxidant, and others.  All the studies that took place, were done on the plant extract only. No one goes further than this. Hence, an advanced computational chemistry-based method for the characterization and identification of the bioactive ingredients isolated from cloves was developed for the first time. First, different extracts of Syzygium aromaticum plant buds were obtained using different solvents (Water, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, 50% ethanol, and hexane), then each extract was evaluated for its anticancer activity against A549 and H1299 lung cancer cell lines. The fractionation of the most active extract was done using flash chromatography. After that, anticancer evaluation of every fraction was done again. One of the obtained fractions showed the highest anticancer activity. For the identification of the most active fraction the experimental IR and NMR data of it was taken and compared with the computational IR and NMR data of 19 compounds found in cloves. Furthermore, DNA binding affinity and antioxidant activity of the fraction showing the highest anticancer activity were also studied. The presented method of the isolation of the most bioactive ingredient will be the most helpful for all the scientists working in the field of separation science and phytomedicine.

Energy audit is a method of knowing the energy used in a particular area and to recognize the area where energy consumption can be minimized. Energy audit involves many tasks and these can be carried out depending of audited capability and the types of audit methods. It started with assessment the old data of energy consumption because these data is vital to know the patterns of energy used in a particular area. Then by using different techniques, energy consumption can be reduced. Energy management for smart building environment is an important task in order to reduce the consumption of energy and to increase the efficiency. Thus, energy auditing becomes an important study for minimizing the energy wastage. Whereas, it is difficult to manage the different operating time of the loads by older methods particularly when solar energy system is involved reason being the solar energy system is not provided the power all the time. Consequently when grid power and solar energy systems are involved, there should be intelligent control to offer the energy efficacy and to lessen the total power consumption. In this paper, Fuzzy based auditing methodology is considered to provide the excellent results for residential buildings. Fuzzy logic, nowadays, has been widely used in the engineering applications as well as widely accepted as an intelligent approach. The energy utilization of different electrical appliances in operation and their operating parameters like temperature, humidity, efficiency and energy consumption etc. are taken into consideration for the analysis. The objective of this paper is to use a fuzzy logic controller for the energy consumption reduction analysis in Kasganj city of Uttar Pradesh state in India, by employing the utilization hours of the solar powered system and the required load demand using the time for which the different appliances are in operation. This analysis has been started with the survey of different buildings in order to get the information on present energy utilization. The energy audit presented in this work only concentrated in the 5 buildings in the Kasganj in order to take the real life conditions. Whereas, the fuzzy controller can set a threshold of power from grid and solar energy system that could not be exceeded as well as controlling the working hours of different appliances, otherwise it will affect the energy efficacy of the smart buildings. For that reason, the role of solar energy systems would be pivotal in India, especially in areas where there is scope to build smart buildings and also in the development of smart cities. This would make the transition towards sustainable development smoother and faster and this technique could be reflected on the real life situations.