Third Party Logistics (3PL) is one of the fastest growing service industry but still the impact of the application of Quality Management Practices (QMPs) particularly on the integration capability of 3PL service providers in the supply chain is not a well-researched topic. Especially in the context of Pakistan, very little empirical work is found dealing with this very important service competency of 3PL. This research is carried out to determine how QMPs help 3PL Service Providers achieving integration competency in the service chain. The quality management dimensions of internationally recognized Malcolm Baldrige National Quality (MBNQ) model are used as independent variable to assess their impact on the integration competency of 3PLs in Pakistan. Considering the typical business culture and industry environment in Pakistan, the effect of Social Capital and Companies' Internal Strength as moderating variables was also observed. Using questionnaire as a tool, the quantitative data on various items for latent constructs was collected from more than 176 logistics firms of Pakistan. Results clearly identified the Strategic Planning, HR Management Focus and Process Management as the factors highly impacting Integration Competency of 3PL service providers in Pakistan. Interestingly, but surprisingly, the role of Leadership and Knowledge Management was insignificant in this particular setting. The moderating variable also showed a significant impact on integration competency. This study highlighted the areas where logistics firms in their individual capacity and logistics industry as a whole should immediately concentrate to enhance this important competency.

Logistics outsourcing markets are globally expanding at a breakneck pace. Like other industries, the demand and supply forces of the logistics service industry are also affected by external determinants. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the behavior patterns of Logistics Outsourcing Market (LOM) in Pakistan in contrast to global demand and supply patterns of the logistics industry and find out the major factors, drivers and obstacles which impact the growth of logistics outsourcing in Pakistan. For statistical analysis, this study solely relied upon the perspective of logistics service providers. A sample of 180 logistics service providers was surveyed to gather information through a semi-structured questionnaire. Results confirmed that the behavior of the logistics outsourcing market in Pakistan is tilted towards local business needs and customer demands. Statistical analysis also proved that, as far as the growth of logistics market is concerned, the internal industry factors along with national business environment have more impact on the growth of logistics outsourcing than global drivers and challenges.

No abstract

Bilingual education has been controversial since the beginning of educational programs, there is still uncertainty among school leaders while deciding the medium of instructions for their system especially while measuring its impact on students’ learning. This research evaluated the outcomes of bilingual education for the subject of History. The target population of this research was grade V students studying in a private school In Pakistan. This study explored benefits of bilingual teaching by adopting Urdu language explanation and discussion for clarifying details. Scaffolding and Translanguaging were applied during the history periods and positive results were recorded after the intervention., benefits were observed on the overall academic performance, class participation and conceptual clarity of the experimental group who were taught with bilingually. Conclusively, bilingual instructions proved to be aid that supported learning.

In today's economic and technological advancements era, accelerated technological innovations create business and marketing opportunities. Due to this, there is a need to better align the strategies of the companies with respect to the external environment. To do this, companies need to understand integrated marketing communication. The study focuses on integrated marketing communication and brand switching. The apparel and clothing industry of Pakistan has been taken into account. Three dependent variables have been taken: advertising, personal media and sales promotion. Brand switching has been treated as an independent variable. Besides this, consumer behavior has been taken as moderating variable. The study belongs to the quantitative research methodology. A survey method has been used, and a questionnaire has been designed to gather information. Furthermore, 80 respondents have been taken into this study. The questionnaire has been made on a 5-point Likert scale. A judgmental sampling technique has been used to find the respondents. Pearson correlation tests have been conducted on the variables. The results showed that brand switching has a positive relationship with other variables. Future research is needed to gain insights into Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)