Background: Acute kidney injury may increase the risk for CKD and end-stage renal disease. In an attempt to summarize the literature and provide more compelling evidence, we conducted a systematic review comparing the risk for CKD (chronic kidney disease), AKI (Acute kidney injury), Acute gastroententeritis, postnatal AKI, Acute MI (myocardial infarction), AKI 2ndry to chemotherapy, AKI 2ndry to abstractive Nephropathy, AKI 2ndry to sepsis, AKI 2ndry to Drugs (NSAIDS and ARBS), AKI 2ndry to AGN (acute Glomerulonephritis), AKI 2ndry to Rhabdomyolysis, and lest AKI 2ndry to Malaria, death in patients with AKI,HD, CKD (chronic kidney disease). There have been several important developments in the literature recently regarding the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). First, when the National Kidney Foundation promulgated their highly influential Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative CKD guidelines in 2002, six chapters were devoted to the complications associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) including hypertension, anemia, nutritional status, bone disease/disorders of calcium, and phosphorus metabolism, neuropathy Objective: To study the outcomecute kidney injury following chronic kidney disease; systematic review. Methods: This was a prospective observational study from January 2018 to December 2020. Patients visiting department of Nephrology Nawaz Sharif Kidney center Swat, number of patients included study 351. All ages and both sexes were considered. Patients treated elsewhere or who has undergone in this study. Complete medical history, detailed examination like age, sex, diagnosis, and outcome, of AKI, examination under microscope and investigations, and necessary blood investigations were carried out. Results: Three fifty one (351) patients were included in this study. The age distribution showed (75%) patients between 40-95 years and 25(25%) between 32-39 years. Mean age was 43 years with Standard Deviation of ± 35.66. Among 351 patients 162 (45%) patients were male and 189 (55%) patients were female. Duration of symptoms in 24(17%) was <4 months and 112(75%) had >4 months, with mean of 4 months and SD ± 2.315. Total 351 participants AKI 45(12%) postnatal AKI 33(9%) Acute MI 18(6%) AKI 2ndry chemotherapy 15(5.72%) AKI 2ndry to abstractive Nephropathy 55 (14%) AKI 2ndry to sepsis 63 (17%) AKI 2ndry to Drugs (NSAIDS and ARBS) 54 (14%) CKD (chronic kidney disease) 48 (15%) AKI 2ndry to Rhabdomylysis 18(6%) Conclusions: The study concludes that the acute kidney injury following CKD systematic reviewing among patients presenting with AKI,CHD ,AKI sepsis, ,AKI Drugs(NSIAD) in local hospital settings This can be reduced with proper health education in general public regarding prevention of the disease and hence its complications.
Objective: To assess in situ Piezoelectric ESWL for ureteric calculi, avoiding false positive results arising from the spontaneous passage of small stones and also to evaluate the efficiency of the EDAP LT02 Lithotriptor for insitu ESWL treatment of ureteric calculi. Study Design: A prospective evaluation of patients with ureteric calculi treated with Piezoelectric ESWL using EDAP LT 02 Lithotriptor. Place & Duration of Study: patients with ureteric calculi treated with Piezoelectric ESWL using EDAP LT 02 Lithotriptor for a period of twelve months, coming to Urology department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, as out door patients. Patients and methods: A prospective evaluation of patients with ureteric calculi treated with Piezoelectric ESWL using EDAP LT 02 Lithotriptor for a period of twelve months, Seventy two patients, 60 males and 12 females, with mean age of 39.6 years, presenting with solitary ureteric calculus were treated using EDAP LT 02 Piezoelectric Lithotriptor, lo calization with fluoroscopy. No regional or general anesthesia given. Results: After 3 months follow-up, of the 72 ureteric calculi cases, 60(83.3%) were successfully fragmented and ureter was stone free in 54 patients (75.1%) after insitu ESWL alone. The mean duration of stone clearance was 50 days (SD +11.58). Sixteen patients required one session only, 28 patients required 2 sessions and twelve patients required three and more than three sessions. Stone location was 28 upper ureteric, 18 middle and 26 in lower ureter. Stone size varied from 7mm.to 17mm. in longest diameter. The average number of session, 1.5 for upper ureteric stone, 1.8 for mid and lower ureteric stones. Stone clearance for upper ureteric calculus was 85.7%, for mid ureteric 66.7% & for lower ureteric 69%, the overall stone clearance was 75%. Conclusion: In situ piezoelectric ESWL is safe, simple and effective technique for treating ureteric calculi. The site and size of the stone affects the success rate.
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