In most of the existing geographical forwarding methods of Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET), a node periodically sends "hello" messages to determine the positional information of its direct neighbors. Each node stores and maintains more or less accurate information of its direct neighbors in a table. However, due to high mobility vehicles and traffic congestion the stored neighbors information is quickly outdated, failure notification increases significantly, and leading sub-optimal path. Furthermore, the transmission of periodic "hello" messages and table maintenance consume resources, which is not suitable for sensitive VANET. In this paper, we propose a geographical forwarding mechanism based on Multi-criteria Receiver SelfElection (MRSE) scheme to find best next hop without sending the periodic "hello" messages and maintaining neighbors information in the table. The selection of best next hop is based on the multi-criteria waiting function. In this function, the four key parameters including link life time, optimal distance from sender to receiver, optimal transmission range, and received power are determined to enable the next candidate node to make packet forwarding decisions. The simulation results show that the MRSE scheme performs up to 22% better in terms of packet delivery ratio as compared to some existing schemes. In terms of average delay, MRSE scheme performs best, with as much as 81% decrease compared to some existing schemes.
Dynamic topology change and decentralized makes routing a challenging task in mobile ad hoc network. Energy efficient routing is the most challenging task in MANET due to limited energy of mobile nodes. Limited power of batteries typically use in MANET, and this is not easy to change or replace while running communication. Network disorder can occur for many factors but in middle of these factors deficiency of energy is the most significant one for causing broken links and early partition of the network. Evenly distribution of power between nodes could enhance the lifetime of the network, which leads to improving overall network transmission and minimizes the connection request. To discourse this issue, we propose an Energy Aware Routing Protocol (EARP) which considers node energy in route searching process and chooses nodes with higher energy levels. The EARP aim is to establish the shortest route from source to destination that contains energy efficient nodes. The performance of EARP is evaluated in terms of packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, end-to-end delay and throughput. Results of simulation done by using NS2 network simulator shows that EARP can achieve both high throughput and delivery ratio, whereas increase network lifetime and decreases end-to-end delay.
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