The coagulation, fibrinolytic, anticoagulation, and complement systems are in delicate balance with the vessel wall endothelium ensuring appropriate hemostasis. Coagulopathy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not a simple disorder of one hemostatic component but a complicated process affecting most of the hemostasis system. COVID-19 disturbs the balance between the procoagulant systems and the regulatory mechanisms. Here, we investigate the effect of COVID-19 on key hemostatic components, including platelets, endothelial cells, coagulation factors, fibrinolytic system, anticoagulant protein system, and complement system, to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological processes underlying COVID-19 coagulopathy based on evidence.
Introduction: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and
electrocardiogram (ECG) is a reliable diagnostic tool to determine a myocardial infarction. The
present study tried to compare the relationship between the ECG findings and angiographic
findings in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction.
Methods: Seventy-four patients with acute anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction (Ant-
STEMI) presenting to the emergency room in the first 12 hours after the onset of symptoms were
studied. Upon admission, a full 14-lead ECG (including leads V3R and V4R) were performed.
Angiographic and ECG findings, as well as clinical outcome were compared between two groups.
The statistical tests including Chi-square and independent t-test were used for data analysis.
Results: Small conus branch was seen in 52 (70.3%) and large conus in 22 ( 29.7%) patients. STE
in right-sided leads and heart failure were significantly higher in small conus branch group versus
large conus branch (88.6% vs 11.4%, P < 0.001 and 34.6% vs 9.1%, P = 0.02 respectively). There
was no significant difference in mortality rate between the two groups (5.8% in small conous
group vs 0% in large conus group, P = 0.55). There was a significant difference in major adverse
cardiac events (MACE) between the two groups (51.9% in small conous group vs 18.2% in large
conus group, P = 0.01).
Conclusion: In patients with anterior MI, small conus branch was associated with higher rate of
major adverse cardiac events mostly because of increased rate of acute heart failure.
Pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has mostly been studied with regard to the oncogenic role of BCR/ABL fusion; however, recent disclosures have declared that the challenges with the treatment of CML patients would not be resolved until the role of other aberrancies is ignored. Given the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the pathogenesis of CML, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-CDK inhibitor AT7519 on BCR/ABL-harboring CML-derived K562 cells. Our results showed that AT7519 effectively reduced the survival of K562 and induced its anti-proliferative effect through the induction of G2/M arrest due to elevated p21 and p27. The resulting data also revealed that either direct or indirect suppression of c-Myc using specific c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 and selective PI3K inhibitor CAL-101 resulted in a superior cytotoxicity, suggesting that the activation of PI3K pathway could attenuate antileukemic effects of the inhibitor, at least partly, through a c-Mycdependent mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, to date, no study has addressed the effect of autophagy on CML cell response to AT7519, and, herein, we proposed for the first time that the suppression of autophagy boosted AT7519 cytotoxicity against K562. Overall, we suggested that selective CDK inhibitor AT7519 exerted antileukemic effect against CML cells and propose a novel therapeutic application for the inhibitor either as a single agent or in combination with c-Myc and/or PI3K inhibitors.
Background
Novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global concern and requires early detection, isolation, and treatment. Our purpose is to find some beneficial information by analyzing the COVID‐19 laboratory data to provide guidance for clinical practice.
Material and Methods
In this study, 174 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection were admitted. We evaluated the hematological and biochemical parameters in these patients and in 80 healthy individuals.
Results
We found that there was significant difference between WBC, LYM, RBC, HB, and HCT parameters of patients and healthy counterparts (p < .001), though there was no remarkable change between NEU, MONO, PLT, and other characteristics of RBC values of patients and the control group (p ≥ .09). Among the evaluated biochemical parameters, the values of CK‐MB and LDH in the patient group were significantly different from the control group (p < .01), while other biochemical indicators were in the normal range.
Conclusion
Several hematological and biochemistry parameters, in particular WBC, LYM, RBC, HB, HCT, CK‐MB, and LDH, could be beneficial supplementary approach for COVID‐19 infection evaluation to confirm risk stratification and effective management.
Background: The heterogeneous nature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the hurdle to find a suitable treatment strategy for this malignancy put this type of leukemia at the top of the list of the priorities for finding a valuable biomarker to improve its treatment and predict the outcome of the patients. Objectives: Given the involvement of the variety of signaling pathways, foremost the PI3K axis in the pathogenesis of human cancers, we aimed to investigate the expression of the most important downstream targets of this pathway to propose a plausible mechanism underlying AML pathogenesis. Methods: In this case-control study, the blood samples from 30 patients diagnosed with AML were collected and after extracting their RNAs, the expression levels of Akt, c-Myc, CIP2A, and PP2A were evaluated using qRT-PCR analysis. For the control group, we also collected blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers. Afterward, by applying statistical analysis, we determined the probable correlation between the expressions of the aforementioned genes. Results: There was a significant elevation in the expression levels of Akt, c-Myc, and CIP2A coupled with the meaningful reduction in the expression level of PP2A in AML samples. However, we failed to find any significant association between the expression level of the indicated genes and age, sex, and the percentage of the blasts. Conclusions: As the most straightforward interpretation of our results, we propose that probably the association between PI3K and c-Myc which is built through the interaction between CIP2A and PP2A may play a pivotal role in the pathogenies of AML and any component of this axis could serve as a potential new target for more profound treatment strategy. However, further detailed investigations in this field are required to clarify the exact role of this interesting testis-specific pathway in the context of hematological malignancies, in particular AML.
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