Jails may foster the spread of HIV, particularly among drug users. In 2006, male injection drug users (n = 499) detained in Tehran consented to HIV testing at intake and discharge. HIV prevalence at intake was 24.4%. Nine of those who were HIV negative at intake were positive at discharge (annualized incidence rate 16.8%), including one p24 antigen positive. Jails may be contributing to the rapid spread of HIV in Iran and should be major points for prevention interventions.
This study supports that incarceration is contributing to the increased spread of HIV. Harm reduction programs should be urgently expanded, particularly among incarcerated IDU.
There are people with drug dependencies who drive for living in Iran. Deterrence programs through screening and random drug testing at police stations and legislation regarding charges of drugged drivers and prohibition from driving for long time periods are essential priorities in traffic safety.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health issue with significantly increasing rates across the world. The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have previously manifested involved genes that remarkably enhance the risk of T2DM. In this study, the association of common variants with T2DM risk has been identified among Iranian population from Tehran province of Iran. Methods: Here, the association of refSNPs with T2DM risk was examined on peripheral blood samples of 268 individuals including control group and patients with T2DM using the tetra amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) methods and direct genomic DNA sequencing. Results: Our study demonstrated that SLC30A8 rs13266634 (T/C), CDKAL1 rs10946398 (A/C), TCF7L2 rs7903146 (C/T), KCNQ1 rs2237892 (T/C), and IGF2BP2 rs1470579 (A/C) polymorphisms are significantly associated with type 2 diabetes, but no significant association was identified for FTO rs8050136 and MTNR1B rs10830963 polymorphisms. Conclusion: The prediction of refSNPs is remarkably needed for pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomic approaches, in which the information would be useful for clinicians to optimize therapeutic strategies and adverse drug reactions in patients with T2DM.
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