No abstract

Modification de l'attitude et de l'intention vis-à-vis d'une activité physique régulière à l'aide de la théorie de la motivation à la protection : essai contrôlé randomisé RÉSUMÉ Nous nous sommes servis de la théorie à la motivation à la protection pour tester l'impact des entretiens motivationnels sur l'attitude et l'intention des femmes obèses et en surcharge pondérale vis-à-vis de la pratique d'une activité physique régulière. Lors d'un essai contrôlé randomisé, 60 femmes obèses et en surcharge pondérale se présentant dans des centres de santé ont été sélectionnées par échantillonnage de commodité. Les femmes ont été réparties en deux groupes, chaque groupe comprenant 30 femmes suivant un programme standard de gestion du poids ou assistant à des entretiens motivationnels. Les composantes de la théorie (vulnérabilité perçue, gravité, auto-efficacité et efficacité de la réponse) ainsi que les caractéristiques anthropométriques (sauf l'indice de masse corporelle) étaient toutes significativement différentes entre les groupes à trois moments de l'étude. Les indicateurs de l'intention les plus forts concernant la pratique régulière de l'exercice physique étaient l'efficacité de réponse perçue et l'attitude lors du suivi à deux et six mois. Nous avons prouvé que la réalisation des entretiens motivationnels en mettant l'accent sur la théorie de la motivation à la protection s'est avérée profitable pour la conception et l'élaboration des interventions appropriées afin d'améliorer le statut de l'activité physique chez les femmes obèses et en surcharge pondérale. ABSTRACT We were guided by the Protection Motivation Theory to test the motivational interviewing effects on attitude and intention of obese and overweight women to do regular physical activity. In a randomized controlled trial, we selected using convenience sampling 60 overweight and obese women attending health centres. The women were allocated to 2 groups of 30 receiving a standard weight-control programme or motivational interviewing. All constructs of the theory (perceived susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy and response efficacy) and all anthropometric characteristics (except body mass index) were significantly different between the groups at 3 study times. The strongest predictors of intention to do regular physical exercise were perceived response efficacy and attitude at 2-and 6-months follow-up. We showed that targeting motivational interviewing with an emphasis on Protection Motivation Theory constructs appeared to be beneficial for designing and developing appropriate intervention to improve physical activity status among women with overweight and obesity. ‫شواهد‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫معشاة‬ ‫جتربة‬

Despite considerable efforts to give diversity to world's energy supply portfolio, oil still has a significant share among energy carriers and plays a major role in economy of countries. Regarding dependency of Iran's economy on revenues of crude oil exports, investigations on the dynamics of crude oil production rate (considering the factors such as technological, economic, political, etc.) are of high importance for the country. In this paper, factors influencing the Iran's crude oil production peak are investigated by system dynamics approach. Through results obtained by the model it is shown how different factors, within causal relationships, affect the occurrence time and the volume of produced oil at its peak. The model is also used to evaluate different scenarios on oil price, geological uncertainty, production depletion, and foreign investment level in the country. Moreover, it can be used to simulate behavior of main variables in the industry under different policy options. The model predicts that the peak will occur sometime between 2035 and 2042 with various production volumes in different scenarios. The developed model can help practitioners, especially policy makers, in the oil sector to gain a systemic and comprehensive insight of influencing factors and the relationships which cause occurrence of Iran's crude oil peak. Investments in all exploration and production sectors, which depend on the oil prices, might be the most crucial variable on the future of the industry and its success to help the developing country achieve its goals.

We have modeled a new (Q, r) inventory system which involves a single product, a supplier, and a retailer with customer differentiation under continuous review inventory policy. The supplier provides the retailer with all requirements, and the retailer sells products to the customers. The supplying process is randomly subject to disruptions. Partial backordering is applied when a stock out occurs, and customer can select either to leave the system without purchasing or to backorder products. The customers are categorized into two main classes regarding to their backordering probabilities. The main contribution of this paper is including the customer differentiation in the inventory model. We used simulation technique to verify the impact of supply disruptions and customer differentiation and carried out sensitivity analysis. To test the performance of the model, we have compared our model to one from the latest related research. As the results show, the average of total annual cost of the (Q, r) inventory system is lower than that of the previously developed models such as (r, T) inventory systems.