T2K and NOνA collaborations have taken significant amount of data in both neutrino and antineutrino modes. For these two experiments, the best-fit values of ∆ 31 coincide and both prefer normal hierarchy over inverted hierarchy. However, NOνA allows inverted hierarchy at 1 σ whereas T2K barely allows it at 2 σ. Regarding δ CP , T2K rules out the upper half plane at 2 σ for NH and 3 σ for IH, whereas the best-fit value of NOνA is in the upper half plane. The two experiments also disagree on the best-fit value of sin 2 θ 23 . T2K prefers sin 2 θ 23 just above the maximal value of 0.5 while NOνA prefers a significantly higher value. These disagreements are the result of the tension between the data of the two experiments. In addition, there is tension between the neutrino and anti-neutrino disappearance data of NOνA and also between the neutrino appearance and disappearance data of T2K. In this report, we explain how these tensions lead to the strong discrepancy in the δ CP best-fit values. We also do a simple combined fit of the disappearance and the appearance data from these two experiments to explore possible trends in the determination of neutrino parameters.
Electromagnetic energy transmitted through the gratings in the active region of a metal-semiconductor-metal detector was analyzed to account for enhanced collection efficiency. This study shows that a wall-like grating on the surface of the active region results in enhanced transmission of electromagnetic energy, which contributes to greater carrier production and higher collection efficiency. Analyses also show that the collection efficiency can be further improved with square gratings on the surface of the active region. A maximum in collection efficiency is achieved when the square gratings cover about 65.5% of the active region surface.
Atmospheric neutrino experiments can determine the neutrino mass hierarchy for any value of δ CP . The Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory can distinguish between the charged current interactions of ν µ andν µ by determining the charge of the produced muon. Hence it is particularly well suited to determine the hierarchy. The hierarchy signature is more prominent in neutrinos with energy of a few GeV and with pathlength of a few thousand kilometers, i.e. neutrinos whose direction is not close to horizontal. We use adaptive neural networks to identify such events with good efficiency and good purity. The hierarchy sensitivity, calculated from these selected events, reaches a 3σ level, with a ∆χ 2 of 9.
We present the first results from the HPSoC ASIC designed for readout of Ultra-fast Silicon Detectors. The 4-channel ASIC manufactured in 65 nm CMOS by TSMC has been optimized for 50 μm thick AC-LGAD. The evaluation of the analog front end with β-particles impinging on 3 × 3 AC-LGAD arrays (500 μm pitch, 200 × 200 μm2 metal) confirms a fast output rise time of 600 ps and good timing performance with a jitter of 45 ps. Further calibration experiments and TCT laser studies indicate some gain limitations that are being investigated and are driving the design of the second-generation pre-amplification stages to reach a jitter of 15 ps.
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