<span>This paper exemplifies dense wavelength division multiplexing combined with polarization division multiplexing with C-band frequency range-based single-mode fiber. In the proposed link, 32 independent channels with 16 individual wavelengths are multiplexed with two different angles of polarization. Each carrying 130 Gbps dual-polarization data with 200 GHz channel spacing claiming a net transmission rate of 4.16 Tbits/s with spectral efficiency of 69% with 20% side-mode-suppression-ratio (SMSR) and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) 40.7. The performance of the proposed techniques has been analyzed using optimized system parameters securing a minimum bit error rate (BER) 10-9 at a transmission distance up to 50 km.</span>
The removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions in a batch system was conducted by using an agri-waste biomass Jute Stick Powder (JSP). To optimize parameters like metal concentration, solution pH, adsorbent amount, contact time and agitation speed, batch experiments were conducted. Further experiments were performed, using optimized conditions at pH 4.5, adsorbent dosages of 0.5 g/100 mL, a contact time of 60 min and shaking speed of 180 rpm. Favorable adsorption occurred at around pH 4.5, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 10.003 mg g-1. Detailed analysis has been conducted by testing kinetic models such as pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models to determine the sorption rate and mechanism. The adsorption process was confirmed by various isotherm models and experimental data for Cd(II) biosorption fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm model at room temperature and under optimum conditions. Positive values of the thermodynamic parameter ΔG assumed that the metal adsorption process was spontaneous. JSP can be used repeatedly more than three times with a small efficiency loss. Experimental data plotted to the isotherm and kinetic models confirms that JSP can be used as a potential biosorbent for the successful removal of Cd(II) ions from waste water.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.