The incidence rate and mortality of coronary artery disease is obviously higher in men than in women, which may be related to the influence of serum testosterone. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with Department of Cardiology, BSMMU and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka from March 2020 to February 2021 to investigate the association of serum testosterone with coronary artery disease in young adult males in Bangladesh. Total 110 subjects from inpatient Department of Cardiology were enrolled, 60 were CAD patients and 50 were Normal Coronaries according to coronary angiography report. In this study, 60 patients with coronary artery disease were compared with 50 normal coronary subjects. Mean age in CAD group and normal coronaries was 37.72±2.73 and 37.48±2.54 years respectively. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were significantly higher in CAD group. Total testosterone levels of CAD were significantly lower than those of normal coronaries (2.11±0.81ng/ml vs 2.94±0.78ng/ml). Among 60 CAD patients, 10 patients had single vessel disease, 17 patients had double vessel disease and 33 patients had triple vessel disease. There was significant association between the level of total testosterone and the number of affected vessels within CAD group (p=0.1). This study also showed that total testosterone level was negatively correlated with Gensini score. Serum total testosterone was significantly lower in patients with CAD compared to normal coronaries. Patients with lower total testosterone levels had higher Gensini score. Low level of total testosterone may be related to the develop- ment of coronary artery disease. BSMMU J 2021; 14(3): 67-73

Exclusive breast feeding is essential for the physical and mental development of the child. Post-partum breast problem may produce a obstacle on the way of successful breast feeding. So this study was conducted in ICMH, Matuail to find out common post-partum breast problems. All mothers attending at LMC after delivery with breast problems were included in the study. A total 114 samples were taken. All lactating mothers who gave their consent are to be included in the study and who are not willing to participate in the study were excluded. In our study, age distribution of mother shows, 35.96% of mothers were at the age of < 20 years, 58.77% were between 20-30 years and 5.26% were > 30 yrs of age. Among 114 patients, 91.22% of mothers were house wife and 8.77% were working Mother, timing of initiation of breastfeeding was, 12.28% initiated within 1 hours, 78.28% were within 1-12 hours, 4.38% were within 12-24 hours and exclusive breast feeding was given to 63.15% baby and first pre-lacteal feed was given to 36.84%, among them 71.42%. Common problem was, 46.49% mother suffered from not enough milk followed by, 20.17% for poor attachment, 17.54% suffered from breast engorgement and 7.89% suffered cracked nipple, inverted nipple was in 2.63% flat and sore nipple to 1.75% and nipple infection and breast abscess was present in 0.877% mothers. Among them, 100% mother were counseled about breast feeding, 78.95% mother were taught about proper position and attachment, hot or cold compression given to 35.09%, Oketani breast massage given to 30.7% and others to 13.16%. In our study all mothers were counseled on the benefit of breastfeeding at LMC. Further large long term cohort study should be carried out to see the postpartum breast problem during lactation.Bangladesh Med J. 2015 Sep; 44 (3): 136-139

Increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. DM is a significant risk factor in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate relationship between Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CAD proven with angiography in type 2 DM and to establish NLR as a useful indicator of CAD in type 2 DM patient.Objective: To assess the NLR as a predictive marker for CAD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The estimated glomerular filtration (e-GFR) and serum creatinine is the screening methods of reduced renal function in patients with type-II diabetes (T2DM) in both patient with diabetic nephropathy and with no diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of e-GFR in type-II diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic nephropathy and without diabetic nephropathy.This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021 in the Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with Department of Nephrology, Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka involving 60 patients from the department of Nephrology, BSMMU. Among 60 patients, 30 were with diabetic nephropathy and 30 were without nephropathy. Both nephrop- athy and without nephropathy group were selected according to selection criteria. Random blood sugar (RBS), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine and e-GFR level were measured in all patients. After data collection and processing, all statistical analysis was done by using SPSS Version 26.0. In this study, the mean(}SD) age was 50.5}11.71 in group-I and 45.53}9.97 in group-II. The difference was statistically not significant(p=0.082). It was observed that 20(66.7%) were male and 10(33.3%) were female in group I and 13(43.3%) were male and 17(56.7%) were female in group-II. Age group 51-60 years had highest percentage of nephropathy patients 9(30.0%) and 31-40 years of age group had highest percentage of diabet- ic patient without nephropathy 13(43.3%). The mean e-GFR in Group I was 47.56}35.48 and in Group II was 93.75}31.29 which was statistically significant (p=0.001). There was a signifi- cant negative correlation between serum e-GFR and serum creatinine in between Group I (r=-0.809, p<0.001) and Group II (r=-0.715, p<0.001). In conclusion, serum creatinine was higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy group and mean e-GFR was significantly reduced in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy group than without nephropathy. BSMMU J 2021; 14(4): 109-113

Conclusion:With the help of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio we can take preventive measure and precaution to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.

Abstract

Introduction:Preeclampsia is a potentially fatal disorderof pregnant women; it remains an important cause of maternal mortality throughout the world. More than 50,000 maternal deaths occur worldwideeach year. Various researchers of different countries suggested an association of increase level of serumprolactin in preeclamptic patient. Estimation of serum prolactin level in pregnancy may be helpful in diagnosis of preeclampsia. Objective: Theobjective of the study is to observe the association of serum prolactin level with severity of preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectionalstudy was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021 in the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Fetomaternal Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, BSMMU and Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Fifty diagnosed patients of preeclampsia who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusioncriteria were selected as study population. At the same time 50 normal pregnant women were taken in another group. In both groups gestational age was calculated from last Menstrual date and confirmed by early ultrasound which wasdone at <14 weeks. Then serum prolactin level was calculated. Results: The mean serum prolactin level was 226.56±81.23 µg/L in mild and 394.53±78.75 µg/L in severe preeclampsia. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001) between two groups.In ROC analysis cut off value of serum prolactin level was 118 μg/L.The area under curve (AUC) of serum prolactin was 0.923 (95% CI; 0.869-0.978). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test showed significant positive correlation (r=0.719,p=0.001) between serum prolactin level with severity of preeclampsia. This finding of the study revealed that serum prolactin level was increased with preeclampsia and was positive correlation with severity. Conclusion: Because of significantsensitivity and specificity, serum prolactin level maybe used as an important tool to diagnose preeclampsia and its severity.