Nano Fe3O4@SiO2–MoO3H is reported as a novel, highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridine derivatives.
Emotions are an indispensable part of second language learning. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the use of language learning strategies and positive emotions. The present study adopted a sequential mixed methods design. The participants were 300 Malaysian ESL undergraduates selected through stratified random sampling from 5 public universities in Malaysia. The quantitative data were collected through two sets of questionnaires: (a) Oxford's (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), and (b) Fredrickson's (2009) modified Differential Emotional Scale (mDES). The qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews. With regard to the quantitative data analysis, a series of t-tests and correlational analyses were used. The data from the interviews were analysed qualitatively. A positive significant correlation was found between positive emotions and overall language learning strategy use. Also, the qualitative results of the study indicated that the learners who experienced more positive emotions tended to use a greater variety of language learning strategies. The findings of the study emphasise the importance of students’ positive emotions in their use of language learning strategies. It might be suggested that teachers by designing the classroom settings and instructions which promote positive emotions can inspire learners to use language learning strategies more frequently and with a greater variety which in sequence relate to learners’ language learning proficiency.
Field experiments were conducted at five locations in the major wheat production regions of Iran to evaluate the efficacy of sulfosulfuron in controlling weed barley species (including Hordeum spontaneum, Hordeum murinum, Hordeum distichon, and Hordeum vulgare) in the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 growing seasons. Sulfosulfuron was applied either postemergence (POST) or preplant-incorporated (PPI) at 0, 20.25, 30.75, 40.5, 51.0, 60.75 or 71.25 g ai ha -1to plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Sulfosulfuron at the recommended rate (20.25 g ai ha -1 ) failed to provide acceptable control of the weed barley species. However, the level of control increased with the application rate, particularly at rates >51.0 g ai ha -1 . Generally, PPI-applied sulfosulfuron resulted in markedly greater control levels than those of a POST application and complete control of H. murinum and H. vulgare was achieved with PPI-applied sulfosulfuron at all rates >20.25 and 30.75 g ai ha -1 , respectively. In most cases, the wheat yield increased with the application rate without any crop injury.The highest yield increase (186%) was obtained with a PPI application of 71.25 g ai ha -1 .
Objectives Tendency toward substance use is influenced by a range of individual, familial, and social factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family emotional atmosphere, sense of coherence, and affects with tendency toward substance use among university students. Methods In this descriptive-correlative study, a total of 400 students (311 males and 89 females) were selected using multistage cluster sampling method from Shahid Beheshti Teacher Training University, Mashhad, Iran. Then they completed measures of parental-child interaction rating scale, sense of coherence scale, positive and negative affect scale, and tendency toward addiction scale. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and backward multiple regression. Results There were significant and negative relationships between subscales of family emotional atmosphere, sense of coherence, and positive affects with tendency toward substance use among students (P˂0.01). Moreover, negative affects were positively correlated with tendency toward substance use (r=0.48; P<0.01). Regression analysis also indicated that a positive family emotional atmosphere and sense of coherence were significant negative predictors of tendency toward substance use whereas negative affects were significant positive predictors. However, the role of positive affects in the prediction of tendency toward substance use was not significant. Conclusion Addressing family problems, developing the sense of individual coherence, and instructing strategies to regulate negative emotions in prevention and intervention programs may help reduce tendency toward substance use among university students.
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