Objectives Tendency toward substance use is influenced by a range of individual, familial, and social factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family emotional atmosphere, sense of coherence, and affects with tendency toward substance use among university students. Methods In this descriptive-correlative study, a total of 400 students (311 males and 89 females) were selected using multistage cluster sampling method from Shahid Beheshti Teacher Training University, Mashhad, Iran. Then they completed measures of parental-child interaction rating scale, sense of coherence scale, positive and negative affect scale, and tendency toward addiction scale. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation and backward multiple regression. Results There were significant and negative relationships between subscales of family emotional atmosphere, sense of coherence, and positive affects with tendency toward substance use among students (P˂0.01). Moreover, negative affects were positively correlated with tendency toward substance use (r=0.48; P<0.01). Regression analysis also indicated that a positive family emotional atmosphere and sense of coherence were significant negative predictors of tendency toward substance use whereas negative affects were significant positive predictors. However, the role of positive affects in the prediction of tendency toward substance use was not significant. Conclusion Addressing family problems, developing the sense of individual coherence, and instructing strategies to regulate negative emotions in prevention and intervention programs may help reduce tendency toward substance use among university students.
Objectives: The present study has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of cognitivebehavioral group-therapy on the development of visually impaired adolescents' self-concept.
Methods:This study is a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test model. The study population consisted of visually impaired male students of the primary and secondary high school at the Omid-e-Mashhad Educational Center for the Blind in the 2014-2015 academic year. Beck's Self-Concept Scale was used as a research tool, and 20 students with scores one deviation standard below the mean were randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received nine weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapies, each of 90 minutes. The post-test data analysis was performed by conducting SPSS using descriptive statistics methods (mean and standard deviation for the study variables and tables) and inferential statistics methods (including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test for independent groups, Lewin test, and co-variance test).
Results:The results of covariance analysis revealed that the intervention of cognitive behavioral group counseling can significantly increase the self-concept among the participants of the experimental group. Discussion: Cognitive-behavioral group counseling sessions can improve the self-concept of visually impaired adolescents. Moreover, positive self-concept will increase their social interaction and mental health.
A B S T R A C T
Background and Objectives: Nowadays, with the development of medical science, the couples' infertility problem has been resolved; however, this issue has presented some challenges. This study was conducted to explain the psychological challenges of infertile men seeking alternative infertility treatments.Methods: This qualitative research with phenomenological design (n=9) was carried out on infertile males seeking alternative infertility treatments. The subjects were selected using purposive and criterion sampling methods with maximum variation until reaching saturation. The necessary data were collected through a semi-structured interview method and coded and analyzed using the Dickelman method. The coding process was analyzed in the form of primary codes, concepts, and categories.Results: Based on the findings, the psychological challenges of infertile men seeking alternative reproductive therapies included 4 main themes (precedent challenges, process challenges, contextual challenges, and approaching challenges) and 13 sub-themes (problems in decision-making and acceptance of treatment, challenges related to childless life, intellectual and emotional challenges of couples through the treatment, challenges affecting marital life, concerns related to the course of treatment, challenges related to the actions and reactions of family and relatives, concerns about cultural and social rejection and religious issues, concerns due to the possibility of physical, mental, and behavioral defects of the child, and challenges related to the parental role).
Conclusion:In general, reviewing the categories and concepts obtained from this study and summarizing them could well reveal the concerns and difficulties experienced by infertile males and provide a clear picture of their problems to experts and authorities.
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