BackgroundHeart failure is a common secondary complication following a myocardial infarction (MI), characterized by impaired cardiac contraction and t‐tubule (t‐t) loss. However, post‐MI nano‐scale morphological changes to the remaining t‐ts are poorly understood.Method and ResultsWe utilized a porcine model of MI, using a nonlethal microembolization method to generate controlled microinfarcts. Using serial block face scanning electron microscopy, we report that post‐MI, after mild left‐ventricular dysfunction has developed, t‐ts are not only lost in the peri‐infarct region, but also the remnant t‐ts form enlarged, highly branched disordered structures, containing a dense intricate inner membrane. Biochemical and proteomics analyses showed that the calcium release channel, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), abundance is unchanged, but junctophilin‐2 (JP2), important for maintaining t‐t trajectory, is depressed (−0.5×) in keeping with the t‐ts being disorganized. However, immunolabeling shows that populations of RyR2 and JP2 remain associated with the remodeled t‐ts. The bridging integrator 1 protein (BIN‐1), a regulator of tubulogensis, is upregulated (+5.4×), consistent with an overdeveloped internal membrane system, a feature not present in control t‐ts. Importantly, we have determined that t‐ts, in the remote region, are narrowed and also contain dense membrane folds (BIN‐1 is up‐regulated +3.4×), whereas the t‐ts have a radial organization comparable to control JP2 is upregulated +1.7×.ConclusionsThis study reveals previously unidentified remodeling of the t‐t nano‐architecture in the post‐MI heart that extends to the remote region. Our findings highlight that targeting JP2 may be beneficial for preserving the orientation of the t‐ts, attenuating the development of hypocontractility post‐MI.

Objectives Thyroid Cancer is one of the rarest cancers but its prevalence has been increasing worldwide for the last couple of decades. Methods The data collection tool was designed to assess knowledge, awareness, perception, and attitude towards preventive practices of thyroid cancer in Pakistani university students. The data were collected over a duration of six months and a total number of 3722 students participated. Results The knowledge of risk factors of thyroid cancer was an important parameter of this study. The students who knew all the early signs of thyroid cancer were 28.7%. In this study, the independent variables such as age, gender, demographic location, and financial status were found to be highly significant with knowledge, attitude towards warning signs of cancer, and the perception of students about developing thyroid cancer. Conclusions The participants were found to have poor knowledge about early signs of thyroid cancer. The study participants perception, behavior, and attitude towards preventive practices of thyroid cancer were found inadequate and appropriate measures on a National level should be taken to enhance the knowledge about preventive practices of thyroid cancer. Increasing knowledge and awareness shall help decrease the overall morbidity and mortality linked with thyroid carcinomas and thyroid diseases.

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