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AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the two training methods: educational workshop and electronic package on the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses in intensive care units (ICUs).Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study, 64 nurses working in ICU at Imam Hossein and Bahar Hospitals in 2017 in Shahroud were randomly selected into two groups of training: workshops and educational package. At first, knowledge, attitude and performance of the two groups were measured and then 2 weeks after the post-test training. Data were analyzed by Fisher exact, Wilcoxon, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney test with a significance level ≤0.05.ResultsA significant difference was found between knowledge score in the workshop (10.40 ± 1.41) and educational package (11.25 ± 0.95) (p=0.007). However, No significant difference was found between the nurses attitude in the workshop group (28.59 ± 2.74) and the trained by educational package (28.25 ± 2.85) (p=0.617). Also, no significant difference was found between the mean practice scores in two groups (p=0/143).ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that the educational package was more effective than the workshop on improving the level of knowledge of nurses about physical restriction, but both methods increased the attitude and practice of nurses.

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Nanostructured cobalt ferrite powders were prepared using the sol-gel process to obtain the optimal crystallite size and magnetic properties. The effect of sol-gel parameters, including the pH value, the mole ratio of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to metal ions, the mole ratio of ethylene glycol (EG) to metal ions and the heattreatment temperature on the crystallite size and the magnetic properties of the samples, was investigated by Taguchi statistical experiments. By using three different levels for each process parameter, nine unique experiments were defined based on an L9 orthogonal array. From the analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction patterns, the crystallite size was calculated by the most intense peak (311) using the Scherrer formula. The results showed that the crystallite size is in the range of 16-39 nm, depending on the different levels of each parameter. The magnetic properties of the samples were carried out using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and magnetic parameters, such as the saturation magnetization (M S ) and coercivity (H C ) obtained from the VSM data. The analysis of variance showed that the optimum values of the parameters to obtain the optimal crystallite size and magnetic properties have occurred at the heat-treatment temperature of 1023 K, EDTA-to-metal ions molar ratio equal to 1.67, EGto-metal ions molar ratio of 3.33 and pH = 6.

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