The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia facing the Covid-19 pandemic, as it is trying with all its efforts to pursue higher education in its universities and schools through distance learning. The current research tried to investigate Taif University experience in distance learning and the effectiveness of BlackBoard in pursuing education in the light of the Covid-19 pandemic from the viewpoints of teachers and students. To achieve this goal, the descriptive survey approach was used. Two questionnaires were designed A random sample was chosen from all colleges of the University The sample consisted of (240) faculty members and 804 students. The results showed great effectiveness of BlackBoard in pursuing education from the viewpoints of faculty members, and to a very great degree from the students' point of view. No impact of the two variables (gender, rank) appeared in the viewpoints of faculty members in that effectiveness. male students’ viewpoints were higher than those of females, and the viewpoints of master's students were higher than those of undergraduate students on this effectiveness.

This study aimed at examining the moral principles on which Medical Faculty students at the University Of Jordan depend to identify moral issues and to what extend such principles are influenced by gender, study level, and nature of science understanding level. The sample of the study consists of (40) male and female students, (20) of them were first-year medicine students, the other (20) fourth year. The tools of the study were represented by the nature of science understanding test, and moral principles test. After applying the two tests and for answering the questions of the study, means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages were counted. (2) and (MANOVA) were used. The results showed :That the humanitarian principles (33.8%), the religious principles (30.4%), the autonomy principles (19.6%), the social principles (9.2%), while the beneficial principles was (7.0%). As the results show there were no statistically significant differences between the results of students’ responses on examining moral principles attributed to students’ gender, study level, or nature of science understanding level. The study recommended: reconsidering the moral issues in teaching students of medicine, because it is very important to improve the positive attitudes towards science, and to develop critical analytical moral thinking. The study also recommended conducting similar studies on other students from other levels and specializations. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استقصاء المبادئ الأخلاقية التي يستند إليها طلبة كلية الطب في الجامعة الأردنية، وتأثرها بكل من الجنس والمستوى الدراسي ومستوى فهمهم لطبيعة العلم. بلغ عدد أفراد الدراسة (40) طالباً وطالبة، منهم عشرون طالباً وطالبة من مستوى السنة الأولى وعشرون طالباً وطالبة من مستوى السنة الرابعة من كلية الطب في الجامعة الأردنية، وتكونت أدوات الدراسة من اختبار فهم طبيعة العلم واختبار المبادئ الأخلاقية، وبعد تطبيق الاختبارين وللإجابة عن أسئلة الدراسة حسبت المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية والتكرارات والسب المئوية واستخدم اختبار (X2) وتحليل التباين المتعدد لتحليل النتائج. وأظهرت النتائج شيوع المبدأ الإنساني بين طلبة كلية الطب بنسبة (33.8%) يلي ذلك المبدأ الديني بنسبة (30.4%) ثم المبدأ الاستقلالي بنسبة (19.6%) وجاء المبدأ المجتمعي بنسبة (9.2%) واحتل المبدأ النفعي المرتبة الخامسة بنسبة (7.0%). كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية بين نتائج استجابات الطلبة على اختبار المبادئ الأخلاقية يُعزى لمتغيرات الجنس والمستوى الدراسي ومستوى فهم الطلبة لطبيعة العلم. في ضوء النتائج أوصت الدراسة بالاهتمام بالقضايا الأخلاقية في تدريس طلبة كلية الطب لما لها من أهمية في تنمية الاتجاهات الإيجابية نحو العلم وتطوير التفكير الأخلاقي التحليلي الناقد لديهم. وإجراء دراسات على طلبة من مستويات أخرى وتخصصات جديدة.

The study aimed to unravel the degree to which scientific and engineering practices complied with the NGSS (Next Generation Science Standards) were present in the performance of physics teachers at the secondary stage in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. The study also sought to identify the effect of the qualification and years of experience variables on the degree to which the NGSS-aligned practices were present in the performance of physics teachers. The study adopted a mixed method in applying a closed-ended questionnaire and an interview. The questionnaire comprised 44 indicators and was applied to (49) teachers who were randomly selected. The interview was applied to (6) education supervisors who were purposively selected. The results revealed that the following five practices: “asking questions and identifying problems”; “obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information”; “planning and carrying out investigations”; “analyzing and interpreting data”; and “involvement with proofs and evidence” all rated medium. The three practices, “interpretation and solutions design”; “developing and using models”; and “using mathematics and computational thinking” all rated weak. Data analysis of education supervisors’ interviews revealed that their opinions were, to an extent, concordant with the questionnaire findings. The results also revealed that graduate teachers exhibited a higher level of these practices than the teachers with just BS degrees while years of experience, as a variable, had no significant difference in teachers’ use of these practices. It was concluded that teachers of physics need to reconsider their teaching practices to be aligned with NGSS. This study can be a contribution to teachers’ professional development efforts that target the alignment of science instruction with the NGSS.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, like other countries in the world, is facing the Covid-19 pandemic, as it is trying with all its efforts to pursue higher education in its universities and schools through distance learning using the latest electronic programs. The current research attempted to investigate Taif University experience in distance learning and the effectiveness of BlackBoard in pursuing education in the light of the Covid-19 pandemic from the viewpoints of teachers and students. To achieve this goal, the descriptive survey approach was used. Two questionnaires were designed; one for teachers and the other for students. A random sample was chosen from all university colleges during the first semester of the academic year 2020/2021. The sample consisted of (240) faculty members and (804) male and female students. The results showed large effectiveness of distance learning(BlackBoard) in pursuing education from the viewpoints of faculty members, and to a very large degree from the students’ point of view.No impact of the two variables (gender, academic rank) appeared in the viewpoints of faculty members in that effectiveness. The results also showed that male students’ views were higher than those of females, and the views of master’s students were higher than those of undergraduate students on this effectiveness.

This study aimed at investigating the degree by which elementary school teachers' appreciation of their self-esteem and the relationship between that degree and their achievement motivation. The sample of the study consisted of (108) elementary school teachers selected randomly. To achieve the purposes of the study, the researchers developed a special self-esteem scale and used Kadiri (2000) scale to measure the achievement motivation. Results of the study showed that the degree of elementary school teachers' appreciation of their self- esteem was high; where the general and outward appearance dimension received the lowest mean score comparing to the "behavior" dimension that received the highest mean score. The results also showed that there were no significant differences in the degree of the elementary school teachers' appreciation of their self-esteem that can be attributed to the variables of gender, academic qualification, and teaching experience. Results also indicated that the level of the achievement motivation of elementary schools teachers was high, where no significant differences was shown in the level of achievement motivation that can be attributed to the gender, academic qualification, and teaching experience variables. However, the results showed a positive correlation between the degree the elementary school teachers' appreciation of their self-esteem and the level of achievement motivation. Several theoretical and practical suggestions were provided at the end of the study. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استقصاء درجة تقدير معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا لذواتهم وعلاقتها بدافعية الإنجاز لديهم . تكونت عينة الدّراسة من (108) معلماً ومعلمة من معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، ولتحقيق أغراض هذه الدراسة استخدم مقياس تقدير الذات الذي قام الباحثون ببنائه وتطويره، ومقياس دافعية الإنجاز المستخدم في دراسة القادري (2000). وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن درجة تقدير معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا لذواتهم كان مرتفعاً؛ إذ حصل بعد "المظهر العام والهيئة الخارجية" على أقل متوسط حسابي، فيما حصل بعد "السلوك" على أعلى متوسط. كما أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة تقدير معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا لذاتهم تعزى لمتغير الجنس والمؤهل العلمي، والخبرة التدريسية. كما أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى دافعية الإنجاز لدى معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا كان مرتفعاً. كما أظهرت الدراسة عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى دافعية الإنجاز تعزى لمتغير الجنس والمؤهل العلمي والخبرة التدريسية. كما أشارت النتائج إلى وجود علاقة ارتباطية موجبة بين درجة تقدير معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا لذواتهم ومستوى دافعية الإنجاز لديهم. وفي ضوء هذه النتائج أوصت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات العملية والنظرية.