Grounded on the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000) and achievement goals theory (Ames, 1992; Nicholls, 1989), this study via structural equation modelling, predicted intention to continue in sport from goal orientations and motivations among athlete students. 268 athlete students (Mage = 21.9), in Iranian universities completed a multi-section questionnaire tapping the targeted variables. Structural equation modelling (SEM) offered an overall support for the proposed model. The results showed that there are positive relationships between intention to continue in sport and both orientations as well as both motivations. A task-involving orientation emerged as a positive predictor of the autonomous motivation, while an ego-involving orientation was a positive predictor controlled motivation as well as autonomous motivation. The results also support positive paths between autonomous motivation and future intention to participate in sport. Autonomous motivation also was a positive mediator in relationship between task orientation and the intentions. As a conclusion, the implications of the task-involving orientation are discussabled in the light of its importance for the quality and potential maintenance of sport involvement among athlete students.

Current COVID-19 realities impose additional challenges to sporting event organisers who now have to consider and include new protective measures for the safety and security of both active and passive participants. This study focuses on event consumers and issues related to their intention to attend future sporting events and their perception of how important they find some of the safety-related protective measures when attending sporting events following the COVID-19 crisis. Based on the empirical study of residents from one Middle East and two European countries, the results suggest that, once all restrictions on movement and sporting event attendance is allowed to resume, most of the respondents will attend events in their home country within few weeks. In addition, the respondents from a country that experienced more severe consequences of the pandemic perceive all protective measures as more important than respondents from countries that were less affected.

Objectives. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of knowledge management through information systems of human resources on customer relationship management. Methods. The study population included managers and employees of Mashhad's aquatic sport centres like 'Blue Waves', 'Armaghan', 'Surging Waves', and 'Sunshine Coast Park' (600 persons). Using a Morgan table, 234 cases were selected as sample, based on cluster sampling method, and randomly. The research method was descriptive-analytical. Data collection was conducted as a field study. The measurement tools were knowledge management q uestionnaire and human resources information systems questionnaire and customer relationship management questionnaire respectively. The validity of the questionnaires was observed andapproved by 10 sports management experts and professors of Azad University of Mashhad and Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.Validation was determined by Cronbach's alpha respectively as 0.91, 0.87 and 0.90. Results. The results showed that knowledge management through human resources information systems has a significant positive effect on customer relationship management. Conclusion. It can be said that aquatic sport centers should more attend the important role of information systems to increase customer satisfaction along with knowledge management.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of brand identity and character on brand loyalty between Esteghlal and Persepolis team fans in Mazandaran province. This study was carried out using a descriptive correlation approach. The participants of this study consisted of 385 fans in a randomised cluster, at three geographical areas namely; west, central and east provinces. The participants answered questioners on brand identity and also a customer loyalty questionnaire. To perform descriptive statistics, the software package of spss21 was utilised and in order to perform confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) Amos21 was utilised. The results showed that brand personality with impact factor of 0.56 (t = 4.76) has greater relations with brand loyalty, than brand identity by the impact factor of 0.28 (t = 2.28), in the view point of fans.

Background. The concept of sport tourism has become very popular in recent years as a field of study and a tourism product and has attracted the attention of many researchers. Objectives. This study aimed at future scenario planning of the Mashhad metropolitan sports tourism industry. Methods. It was an applied future analytical exploratory research. The information was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 13 management, marketing and sports tourism experts including 7 sections and 50 key indicators. A 50 * 50 cross-over matrix was used to analyze the data collected by Mic Mac Software. Results. Based on the findings of the study, seven general categories of factors (influencers to being influenced) were identified: natural drivers, social-cultural drivers, managerial and programmatic drivers, economic drivers, advertising drivers, service drivers, and infrastructure drivers. Conclusion. Mashhad has great potential for attracting sports tourism in the near future with great human, natural and religious potentials and talents. It is hoped to take steps to improve tourism in the city.

Background. Today, education of entrepreneurs is considered as one of the basic and fundamental guidelines for the comprehensive development of a country. Objectives. So the main purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of innovative supportive environment in the relationship between organizational climate and entrepreneurship in physical education male students in universities of Mashhad. Methods. This is a descriptive-correlational and analytical study and has been done by field method. The statistical population of the present study consists of all male students of physical education and sport sciences faculties in the city of Mashhad (1083 people). Among these students, 308 people were selected as study samples. The sampling method was cluster and simple random. Organizational climate questionnaire by Sussman & Deep (1989) and Moghimi (2013) and entrepreneurship questionnaire of Kevin & Slavin (1986) were used for data collection. Also for evaluating the innovative supportive environment, the questionnaire of Cheng Hava Tassi through a five-point Likert scale was used. The overall reliabilities of questionnaires were obtained respectively 89%, 84% and 92%. The software package of spss21 was used for descriptive statistics and the software of Liserl8.5 was used for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results. The study results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all three factors of organizational climate, entrepreneurship and innovative supportive environment (55%). In this relationship, organizational climate (56%) and innovative supportive environment (74%) were effective on entrepreneurship. Conclusion. Based on research findings, it could be stated that to have Entrepreneur University in the male student part, having merely organizational space is not adequate and the space that has innovative supportive environment should govern it so in interaction with each other causes increasing entrepreneurship in these students.

Background. Sports brand love refers to the degree of passionate emotional attachment consumers feel towards a sports team. Brand able to be more competitive by establishing the strong brand love of the customers as well as brand identity and brand trust. Objectives. The purpose of this research is to present a model of the role of brand trust on brand identity through the mediating role of brand love among fans of Futsal premier league clubs. Methods. The present study is a descriptive-correlative research in compliance with existing standard case studies. The population of this research comprised of all fans of the Farsh Ara Mashhad club, among which 295 were selected according to the temporal and spatial domains of the study as the sample, utilizing simple random sampling method. In order to achieve the research goals, the moderated Brand Identity Questionnaire made by Meal and Ashforth (1992), Albert's Brand Love Questionnaire, 2010, and Ballester Brand Trust Questionnaire (2004) were used. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling and path analysis) were used for data analysis at a significant level recorded as 0.05. Result. According to the value of the coefficient path between brand trust and brand identity recorded as 0.47, which is positive and the value of the t-statistics correspondence obtained as 2.09, with 95% confidence, the coefficient path at the error level recorded as 0.05 is significant. Furthermore, a significant relationship between brand trust and brand identity was confirmed and also according to the main hypothesis of the research, the path coefficient of the indirect relationship of brand trust, through the mediating variable of brand love on brand identity with the value 0.53 was also calculated and the main hypothesis of the research was confirmed. Conclusion. In general, investing on brand trust on behalf of the Futsal premier league clubs (especially Farsh Ara club) and in the following plan to increase the admiration of fans in creating and developing a brand identity is one of the significant results mentioned in this research.

Background. Sport spectators are an essential part of the professional sport landscape. Spectators are important economically, because they generate revenue through ticket and concession sales, and provide ambience for broadcast televisions. Problematically, spectators' attendance is declining in many professional leagues throughout the world. Objectives. The current study aimed at identifying factors affecting spectators' attendance in the Iranian Football League. Methods. Initial data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 20 participants, with expertise in the Iranian Football League. Using Q Methodology, 50 Q-expressions were sorted by the participants. Then, Q-factor analysis was performed. Results. The study identified seven broad factors: 1) Lack of desirable access and transportation services to/from the stadiums; 2) Defective implementation of strategic plans in federations and clubs; 3) The impact of low-quality plays and the superiority of TV services to stadium ones; 4) Inappropriate services in stadiums; 5) Inappropriate stadium atmosphere; 6) Economic problems of spectators; and, 7) Paying more attention to margins by media from the viewpoint of critics. Conclusions. Football officials can increase the number of spectators in stadiums by systematically removing these damages from the Iranian football body, which may solve many other problems as well.