We suggest that application of triamcinolone at the olfactory cleft can boost the effect of surgery in restoring olfactory function.

Intraoperative bleeding reduction during functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a key factor in preventing surgery complications. That is implemented through prescribing systemic corticostroid before surgery. This study aimed to explore an efficient nasal Furosemide versus systematic corticosteroids to reduce intraoperative bleeding.

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common inflammatory condition in western countries. Nasal polyposis has different symptoms such as nasal obstruction, anterior or posterior nasal drip, reduced sense of smell, and facial pain. Medical and endoscopic treatments are the two main treatments for nasal polyposis. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of different methods on olfactory function. This is a non-randomized clinical trial study that was done on 60 patients who were divided into two groups (medical and surgical). Patients were matched based on age, history of smoking, and the severity of obstruction. The radiologist score of Lund-Mackay staging system was used to match patients in two arms of the trial based on the severity of nasal obstruction. Patients in surgery groups underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia and then received Fluticasone propionate nasal spray for 8 weeks (400 mcg bd). Patients in the medical group were only prescribed with Fluticasone propionate with the same duration and same dose as mentioned. As a result of treatment protocol, both medical and surgical group experienced improvement in olfactory function but statistical analyses revealed that surgery resulted in better resolution of symptoms. Our observation revealed that combined treatment had a better effect than medical treatment in restoring olfaction in patients with nasal polyposis.

Nasal polyps are associated with the inflammation of the nasal cavity and the sinus mucosa. When medical treatment cannot solve a patient's problem, a functional endoscopic sinus surgery may be indicated. Bleeding impairs the surgery field during operation and increases the operation risk and time. Pre-operative corticosteroids can reduce bleeding during surgery. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of pre-operative single-dose prednisolone (1 mg/Kg/dose 24 h before surgery) versus 5-day prednisolone (1 mg/Kg/day before operation) on the bleeding volume and the surgery field quality during FESS. In this mono blind randomized clinical trial, 80 patients with bilateral nasal polyps were randomly assigned in two groups. The first group (A) received a single dose of 1 mg/Kg/dose prednisolone on the day before the surgery. The second group (B) received 1 mg/Kg/day prednisolone for 5 days before the operation. The patients were operated on under general anesthesia through the same protocol. The mean arterial blood pressure was 70-80 mm Hg in both groups. The surgeons were not aware of the patients' group. The bleeding volume and the surgeons' opinion about the surgery field quality were recorded at the end of the procedure and analyzed by Chi-square and t test. The two groups were not significantly different in their overall demographic and clinical characteristics. The mean bleeding volume during the operation was 266.5 ± 96.31 ml in group A and 206 ± 52.81 ml in group B; there was a significant difference between the groups (P value = 0.038). There was no significant difference between the groups in the surgeons' opinion about the surgery field quality (P value = 0.09). In conclusion, unlike a single dose (1 mg/kg/dose), treatment with 5-day prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) can reduce blood loss during FESS more efficiently and may improve the surgery field quality slightly. But this difference is not clinically significant.

Angiosarcoma of the thyroid gland is a rare and aggressive primary malignant tumour of the thyroid, originally reported in patient from Swiss Alpine region. Here, the authors describe a case of primary angiosarcoma of the thyroid in an 21-year-old Iranian woman who presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass associated with compressive symptoms.