Background and Aim: Venous Thrombo Embolism (VTE) refers to the formation of clots in blood vessels. The current study aimed to investigate deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by imaging modalities. Materials and Methods: In this review study, national databases, including Magiran, SID, IranMedex, as well as international ones, namely databases including PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, and ISI, were searched for related books and articles. The keywords included thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, imaging, and thrombosis detection. Results: In patients with suspected primary or recurrent deep vein thrombosis, CT venography (CTV) and Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) are rarely used on suspicion of iliac vein thrombosis or inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis in ultrasound. These examinations have relatively poor reliability, cause adverse side effects of radiation and contrast materials, and are undoubtedly more costly. Conclusion:As evidenced by the obtained results, different methods are available for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Moreover, it was revealed that ultrasound imaging is the most reasonable method for initial examination due to its sensitivity, specificity, costs, and adverse effects.
Background and Aim: Interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including modifiable maternal nutrition and lifestyle, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of most congenital heart defects (CHD). This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between periconceptional maternal vitamin D status and the prevalence of CHD in offspring. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 660 neonates referring to Masoumeh Hospital, Qom, Iran, from April 2016 onwards. The subjects were divided into two groups of CHD and healthy patients. The instrument applied to collect the necessary data was a research-made checklist including demographic data and risk factors related to the study, which was filled by mothers. Independent t-test and Chi-square test were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. A logistic regression test was also utilized, and the p-value of less than 0.05was considered significant. Results: The mean age of mothers was obtained as 30 years in both groups. It was revealed that 94 (28.5%) and 159 (48.2%) of mothers in the case and control groups consumed Vitamin D in pregnancy. There was a significant difference between vitamin D intake and CHD in the two groups(p<0/001). The economic status of 53.3% of families with CHD patients was reported to be low. According to the results, 70.6% of mothers in the case group were highly educated. Conclusion: Based on the results, vitamin D consumption during pregnancy was associated with the reduction of neonatal CHD. Moreover, economic status was found as another risk factor affecting the development of neonatal CHD.
Background and Aim: To date, numerous studies have evaluated the risk factors and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during pregnancy. The present study aimed to compile and present the latest guidelines related to the management and diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: In the present study, around 100 articles indexed from 2000 were retrieved from local and international databases using keywords, including "pregnancy", "DVT", "VTE", "anticoagulation", and "coagulopathy". Results: The current study examined the pathophysiology of DVT in pregnancy, risk factors, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of DVT in pregnancy. Conclusion: Women during pregnancy and postpartum period represent one of the highest risk groups for DVT. The treatment and supportive measures are of paramount importance to reduce the risk and complications of this disease. Nonetheless, they are not devoid of serious challenges since the possible complications which can occur to the fetus and maternal health during pregnancy should be taken into account in treatment.
Background and Aim: There are contradictory data regarding the changes of corrected QT interval (QTc) in seizure. Regarding this, the present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of long QT syndrome (LQTS) in seizure patients without underlying cause in Hazrat-e Masoumeh Hospital, Qom, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on seizure patients without any underlying causes. The data were collected using a questionnaire covering such variables as age, gender, and history of seizure and syncope. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained from the patients in the first 2 h after the occurrence of seizure. Moreover, the distance from the beginning of the Q wave to the end of the T wave in the lead limb II was measured by the researcher. Finally, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22). Results: The participants consisted of 67 males (55.8%) and 53 females (44.2%) with the mean age of 6.7±2.1 years. Long QT was observed in five patients. The gender of the participants had no significant relationship with the type of seizure and family history of syncope, sudden death, heart disease, and seizure (P≥0.05). The mean QT intervals in the males and females were 0.40±0.24 and 0.40±0.23 sec, respectively. Therefore, no significant difference was observed between male and female patients in this regard (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, LQTS in seizure patients without underlying causes was found in only five patients. However, in special cases, such as a family history of QTc disorders, history of suspected faint, and resistant or status epilepticus, the implementation of ECGs can be helpful for children.
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