Injection of triamcinolone significantly reduced stricture recurrence after internal urethrotomy. Further investigations are warranted to confirm its efficacy and safety.

To evaluate the efficacy of sildenafil in the treatment of neurogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) secondary to upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) spinal cord injury (SCI). After taking consents 105 patients suffering from ED were enrolled in this prospective study. Seventy-two patients had signs and symptoms of UMN and 33 patients had signs and symptoms of LMN or mixed (UMN and LMN) spinal cord injuries. The patients took 50-100 mg sildenafil or placebo tablet at least 45 min before sexual intercourse. Based on a IIEF questionnaire, success in achieving erection adequate for sexual intercourse was compared between sildenafil and placebo groups in UMN and non-UMN spinal cord injuries. In patients with UMN disease, sildenafil was effective in 82% of patients and its efficacy was statistically higher than placebo (82 vs. 25%, p < 0.05). Twenty-eight per cent of patients with non-UMN disease had a favourable response to sildenafil that was not statistically different from placebo. Sildenafil seems more effective in the treatment of neurogenic ED secondary to UMN spinal cord injury compared with that secondary to LMN injury. Actually, its efficacy on LMN injuries does not seem different from placebo and administration of this treatment may not be effective in spinal cord injury which has caused LMN symptoms.

Local blockade of the obturator nerve during cystoscopy is an effective method to avoid its stimulation in TURBT. It can be performed easily, and we did not experience any serious complication.

Transvesical ONB is a safe and effective method of ONB before TURBT. This method is feasible by urologists and promising even without nerve stimulation and only by anatomic landmarks.

Sandostatin caused a marked decrease in mucus production by the intestinal segment with patients receiving Sandostatin no longer requiring routine postoperative bladder irrigation and having a shorter hospital stay.

No abstract

Background:Tumor growth requires expansion and development of vascular network. An increase in Gleason score is representative of an increase in tumor invasion and extent. In this study, the relationship between Gleason score and vascular characteristics of needle biopsy samples in prostate cancer patients has been evaluated.Materials and Methods:We evaluated vascular characteristics including density and size of vessels; and percentage of vessels with irregular shape in 62 cancer-positive samples obtained by prostate needle biopsy under ultrasound guide, and compared them to Gleason score.Result:Gleason scores of 23 patients were ≤6; Gleason scores of 18 patients were 7 and 21 patients had their Gleason score from 8 to 10. An increase in Gleason score was associated with increased vascular density (P < 0.0001), increased percentage of vessels with irregular shape (P < 0.02) and decreased average vascular diameter (P < 0.015), from which the relationship with vascular density was clearer and more evident.Conclusion:Vascular morphological characteristics can be representative of angiogenic potential of prostate cancer which is required for tumor progression. As Gleason score can prognosticate the behavioral characteristics of prostate cancer in future, vascular characteristics may also be able to express tumor behavior. With attention to vascular characteristics in biopsy samples and apart from Gleason score, we may also be able to divide patients into other subtypes in a way being helpful for the establishment of treatment plan.

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is one of the most important long-term compli-cations of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Nitric oxide (NO) as a transmitter can relax smooth muscles of the bladder neck and external sphincter. Several studies have reported that sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), as a NO donor, can lead to significant decrease in resting pressure of the external sphincter, and its rapid onset of action may be useful in the treatment of AUR. This study was designed to asses the effect of ISDN on AUR in patients with BPH. In this clinical trial, 60 men with BPH-induced AUR were randomly selected via a simple sampling method. Participants were randomly divided into case and control groups. Patients in the case group received 200 mg of sublingual ISDN and participants in the control group received placebo. After 20 min, participants were asked to void spontaneously and the urine was collected in scale containers. Following this, urethral catheterization was done on all the participants and the residual urine was measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15. There was no signi-ficant difference in the mean age of the two groups (P-value = 0.28). The mean voided urine volume in the case group was 201 mL and, in the control group, it was 18 mL (P = 0.004). About 30% in the case group and 3.3% in the control group could void spontaneously after receiving ISDN or placebo (P = 0.006). In the case group, there was a significant correlation between voided urine volume and total urine volume in the bladder (P = 0.03) and in the size of the prostate (P = 0.001). Our study shows that ISDN can be effective in the treatment of BPH-induced AUR with decrease in bladder outlet resistance. ISDN is more effective in younger men and in those with smaller prostates.