No abstract

home-made aids, however well intentioned. We must protect our staff during high-risk procedures, but not when this confers a threat to patient safety. Whilst both the safety and efficacy of barrier enclosures in airway management remain unproved, our focus should continue to be on the use of appropriate and well-fitted personal protective equipment, worn and disposed of effectively.

The demand for cost-efficient and clean power energy cannot be overemphasised, especially in a developing nation like India. COVID-19 has adversely affected many nations, power sector inclusive, and resiliency is imperative via flexible and sustainable power generation sources. Renewable energy sources are the primary focus of electricity production in the world. This study examined and assessed the optimal cost system of electricity generation for the socio-economic sustainability of India. A sustainable and flexible electricity generation model is developed using the concept of flexible fuzzy goal programming. This study is carried out with the aim of achieving the government’s intended nationally determined contribution goals of reducing emission levels, increasing the capacity of renewable sources and the must-run status of hydro and nuclear, and technical and financial parameters. The result shows an optimal cost solution and flexibility in how increased electricity demand would be achieved and sustained via shifting to renewable sources such as solar, wind and hydro.

The best‐worst method (BWM) is a multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) approach for solving several types of real‐life decision‐making problems. The basic BWM determines the priority order by pairwise comparisons of the best and worst criteria. The strength of the preference assigned via numerical value for linguistic interpretations of relative comparisons ranges from 1 to 9, representing preferences among the criterion. However, the amount of strength is entirely dependent on the choice of the decision‐makers. Though expert's opinions may differ due to various reasons such as incomplete information, lack of knowledge, ambiguity in linguistic terms, and so forth. Therefore, it is highly likely that the expert may provide multiple viewpoints for the preferences values. Thus, this study proposes a novel extension of the BWM named the multi‐choice best‐worst method (MCBWM), dealing with the concept of multiple choices of preference relations to compare the criterion. The MCBWM overcomes the limitation of BWM, where the pairwise preferences in the comparisons are multi‐choice parameters rather than single parametric values. Multiple real‐world MCDM applications are illustrated in experimental studies to show the quality, performance, and applicability of our proposed MCBWM. A detailed comparative analysis of the proposed approach has been done with the well‐known existing decision‐making techniques and their optimal results are compared. The proposed method offers a new direction for the MCDM approaches for solving real‐life problems.

Attempts to enhance a patient's immune response and ameliorate the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer (OVCA) have largely been unsuccessful owing to the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3) inhibitory receptors have been implicated in immunosuppression in several malignancies. The expression and role of ILT3 in the progression of ovarian tumors are unknown. This study examined the expression and association of ILT3 in ovarian tumors in laying hens, a spontaneous preclinical model of human OVCA. White Leghorn laying hens were selected by transvaginal ultrasound scanning. Serum and normal ovaries or ovarian tumors were collected. The presence of tumors and the expression of ILT3 were examined by routine histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition to stromal immune cell-like cells, the epithelium of the ovarian tumors also expressed ILT3 with significantly high intensity than normal ovaries. Among different subtypes of ovarian carcinomas, serous OVCA showed the highest ILT3 staining intensity, whereas endometrioid OVCA had the lowest intensity. Similar to humans, an immunoreactive protein band of approximately 55 kDa for ILT3 was detected in the ovarian tumors in hens. The patterns of ILT3 protein and messenger RNA expression by ovarian tumors in different subtypes and stages were similar to those of immunohistochemical staining. The results of this study suggest that laying hens may be useful to generate information on ILT3-associated immunosuppression in OVCA. This animal model also offers the opportunity to develop and test anti-ILT3 immunotherapy to enhance antitumor immunity against OVCA in humans.