Evaluation of antibiotic resistance profiles from pediatric patients from different geographic areas can help in optimizing therapeutic regimen to prevent treatment failures. Metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance is much higher in our pediatric population than reported in adults and could be a major contributor to failure of H. pylori eradication.

Although both regimens were comparable in adequacy of colon visualization, preparation tolerance, side effects and compliance profile in this pilot study, the prepackaged diet kit with magnesium citrate/bisacodyl laxative resulted in superior colon cleansing.

Rectal prolapse is a herniation of the rectum through the anus. It is rare in children. When it does occur, it is usually prior to 4 years of age and due to anatomical variants. A few conditions predispose children to rectal prolapse, the most common being constipation. Cystic fibrosis used to be commonly associated with rectal prolapse, but with the advent of cystic fibrosis newborn screening, this association is no longer as frequently seen. Many recent case reports, detailed in this chapter, describe conditions previously unknown to be associated with rectal prolapse. Management is usually supportive; however, rectal prolapse requires surgical management in certain situations. This review details the presentation of rectal prolapse, newly described clinical manifestations, and associated conditions, and up-to-date medical and surgical management.