We report and investigate the feasibility of zero-overhead laser phase noise compensation (PNC) for long-haul coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) transmission systems, using the decision-directed phase equalizer (DDPE). DDPE updates the equalization parameters on a symbol-by-symbol basis after an initial decision making stage and retrieves an estimation of the phase noise value by extracting and averaging the phase drift of all OFDM sub-channels. Subsequently, a second equalization is performed by using the estimated phase noise value which is followed by a final decision making stage. We numerically compare the performance of DDPE and the CO-OFDM conventional equalizer (CE) for different laser linewidth values after transmission over 2000 km of uncompensated single-mode fiber (SMF) at 40 Gb/s and investigate the effect of fiber nonlinearity and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise on the received signal quality. Furthermore, we analytically analyze the complexity of DDPE versus CE in terms of the number of required complex multiplications per bit.
We report an adaptive weighted channel equalizer (AWCE) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and study its performance for long-haul coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) transmission systems. This equalizer updates the equalization parameters on a symbol-by-symbol basis thus can track slight drifts of the optical channel. This is suitable to combat polarization mode dispersion (PMD) degradation while increasing the periodicity of pilot symbols which can be translated into a significant overhead reduction. Furthermore, AWCE can increase the precision of RF-pilot enabled phase noise estimation in the presence of noise, using data-aided phase noise estimation. Simulation results corroborate the capability of AWCE in both overhead reduction and improving the quality of the phase noise compensation (PNC).
We report and experimentally investigate the performance of an adaptive decision-directed channel equalizer (ADDCE) in reduced-guardinterval dual-polarization coherent-optical orthogonal-frequency-divisionmultiplexing (RGI-DP-CO-OFDM) transport systems. ADDCE retrieves an estimation of the phase noise value after an initial decision making stage by extracting and averaging the phase drift of all OFDM sub-channels. Moreover, it updates the channel transfer matrix on a symbol-by-symbol basis. We experimentally compare the performance of the ADDCE and the conventional equalizer (CE) combined with maximum-likelihood (ML) phase noise compensation and inter-subcarrier-frequency-averaging (ISFA) algorithms. The study is conducted at 28 GBaud for RGI-DP-CO-OFDM systems with quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) formats. Using ADDCE, zero-overhead laser phase noise compensation is accomplished and the overhead due to training symbol (TSs) insertion is significantly reduced. In addition, ADDCE offers a superior performance over the CE in the presence of synchronization timing errors and residual chromatic dispersion (CD). We also achieve a longer transmission distance than when using the CE. At a forward-errorcorrection (FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10 −3 , using a cumulative overhead of less than 2.6%, transmission distances of 5500 km and 400 km were achieved for the cases of QPSK and 16-QAM RGI-DP-CO-OFDM, respectively.
The bandwidth upgrade required in short-reach optical communications has prompted the need for detection schemes that combine field reconstruction with a cost-effective subsystem architecture. Here we propose an asymmetric self-coherent detection (ASCD) scheme for the field reconstruction of self-coherent (SC) complex double-sideband (DSB) signals based on a direct-detection (DD) receiver with two reception paths. Each reception path consists of a photodiode (PD) and an analog-to-digital converter for the detection of a part of the received optical signal that experiences a different optical transfer function via the configuration of an optical filter. We derive an analytical solution to reconstructing the signal field and show the optimal filter response in optimizing the signal SNR. Further, we numerically characterize the theoretical performance of a specific ASCD scheme based on a chromatic dispersion filter and validate the principle of the ASCD scheme in a proof-of-concept experiment. The ASCD scheme approaches the electrical spectral efficiency of coherent detection with a cost-effective DD receiver, which shows the potential for high-speed short-reach links required by edge cloud communications and mobile X-haul systems.
In this paper, we present a carrier phase recovery (CPR) algorithm using a modified superscalar parallelization based phase locked loop (M-SSP-PLL) combined with a maximum-likelihood (ML) phase estimation. Compared to the original SSP-PLL, M-SSP-PLL + ML reduces the required buffer size using a novel superscalar structure. In addition, by removing the differential coding/decoding and employing ML phase recovery it also improves the performance. In simulation, we show that the laser linewidth tolerance of M-SSP-PLL + ML is comparable to blind phase search (BPS) algorithm, which is known to be one of the best CPR algorithms in terms of performance for arbitrary QAM formats. In 28 Gbaud QPSK (112 Gb/s) and 16-QAM (224 Gb/s), and 7 Gbaud 64-QAM (84 Gb/s) experiments, it is also demonstrated that M-SSP-PLL + ML can increase the transmission distance by at least 12% compared to BPS for each of them. Finally, the computational complexity is discussed and a significant reduction is shown for our algorithm with respect to BPS.
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