Circumcision is a frequently performed surgery in children worldwide. For circumcision, penile and caudal epidural blocks are commonly used. Nerve blocks not only decrease the systemic analgesia requirements intra-operatively but also increase the length of pain relief postoperatively. The aim of the present study was to compare the surgical incision response in circumcision, in children with a caudal block and penile block. We also compared the systemic analgesic requirements postoperatively in both groups. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in pediatric patients. Total of 30 samples (n = 30) was taken and divided into two groups of 15 each. The group A received caudal block and group B received penile block. The blocks were performed after general anesthesia. We tried our best to eliminate all the factors which can lead to tachycardia (such as hypoxia, light plane of anesthesia, hyperthermia and hypothermia, hypercarbia, hypovolemia etc). The patients were keenly observed for change in heart rate on incision, the heart rates were recorded before and at incision (surgical incision response) in both groups. The postoperative consumption of the pain killers were also noted in both the groups. Results: We observed that the patients in group A with caudal block did not show any significant surgical response, whereas in group B patients with penile block showed increased heart rate at the incision. There was no complain of pain in group A in the recovery period. Whereas complains of pain were recorded in most of the children in group B, hence pain killers were given to the patients in this group. Conclusion: Our data proved that the caudal block was better than the penile block in terms of pain relief.
Context: Pregnancy is a condition when a woman suffers numerous changes in the body. These changes can be physical and physiological. There are numerous factors which affect the volume and gastric pH of a pregnant lady. A lady has to bear a number of changes during pregnancy, mainly in her first trimester and after pregnancy. Vomiting is a normal symptom of pregnancy which effects a lady in her first trimester. This badly affects the gastric content and increase in pH as well as volume. In cesarian cases also the digestion is badly affected and anesthesia also plays a major role in distortion of proper gastric functions. Aim: To compare the gastric pH of the fluid in elective cesarean v/s emergency sections. Setting and Design: This study is a cross-sectional survey performed in Lahore from September 2009 to June 2010. Material and Methods: A total number of 150(n= 150) patients were studied and divided into two groups. These patient were with elevated caesarian section and emergency caesarian section. Statical analysis: The results were statistically significant. (p-value < 0.05). Result: Patients in emergency cesarean section group had a lower value of gastric pH ranging from (2.16 + 0.64) and higher value of, the volume of gastric acidic (26.33 + 10.59) as compared to that in elective cesarean section group (4.56 + 1.28 and 11.65 + 4.37 respectively). Conclusion: The study concluded that in emergency and elective caesarian section the level of gastric volume was significantly high whereas the level of gastric pH was low.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.