To determine the epidemiology of outbreaks of avian infl uenza A virus (subtypes H5N1, H9N2) in chickens in Bangladesh, we conducted surveys and examined virus isolates. The outbreak began in backyard chickens. Probable sources of infection included egg trays and vehicles from local live bird markets and larger live bird markets.

Risk factors were feeding slaughter remnants of purchased chickens, having a body of water nearby, and contact with pigeons.

Background: Klippel-Tranuanay Syndrome is a rare sporadic disease characterized by clinical triad of capillary malformation; soft tissue and bony hypertrophy; and atypical varicosity. Although this syndrome was first described more than hundred years ago, exact incidence has not been estimated yet. Several theories have been postulated to describe its pathogenesis. Clinical presentation of this syndrome is protean ranging from minimal asymptomatic disease to life threatening bleeding and embolism. Management of this syndrome includes careful diagnosis, prevention and treatment of complications.Main observation: We are presenting a case of Klippel-Tranuanay Syndrome in a 19-year-old male patient presenting with varicosity in lateral aspect of right leg. On careful examination other components of the syndrome were found. Patient was kept on yearly follow up.Conclusion: Usually patients with Klippel-Tranuanay Syndrome present with complication. This case shows that there is also a need for medical solutions in patients who seek advise for cosmetic reasons.

Background: Iodine deficiency disorder is one of the major hidden hunger for poverty-stricken coastal rural areas of Bangladesh. Despite various programs, including universal salt iodization, IDD is significantly persistent due to poverty, inadequate knowledge, poor attitude, and practice of iodized salt consumption. The present study aimed to determine iodine concentration in salt at the household level as well as the magnitude of knowledge, attitude, and practice related to iodized salt utilization and iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). Material and method: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out using multistage sampling among 400 households in four coastal districts in Bangladesh. A standard pretested questionnaire was used to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards iodized salt consumption. The iodine level was measured using the gold standard iodometric titration technique in the collected salt samples from the selected households. Result: The study results revealed that almost half of the participants had good knowledge regarding a balanced diet, whereas the positive attitude and practice of balanced diet consumption was relatively low (only 16.2% and 11.3%, respectively). The respondents' education profile and age were strongly correlated with knowledge and attitude; however, the practice was not significantly correlated with age and education. The concentration of iodine in salt at household levels was strongly associated with the practice of using iodized salt. Use of adequate iodized salt was 2.838 times (OR: 2.838, 95% CI: 1.7-4.735) and 3.884 times (OR: 3.884, 95%CI: 2.029-7.433) more likely to have a positive attitude and good practice towards iodized salt and IDDs respectively. Conclusion: Proper knowledge about iodized salt and IDDs should be introduced to all public education premises levels. Interventions and programs can be formulated to enhance knowledge, attitude, and practice at the household level so that the consumption of adequate iodized salt can be ensured to reduce iodine deficiency problems.

The SLC29A3 gene, encoding hENT3, a member of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, has recently been found mutated in Faisalabad histiocytosis, pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes, familial sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), and H syndromes. We here report clinical and genetic findings of an Egyptian family with H syndrome. We describe two siblings, a 19-yr old girl and a 15-yr old boy, of consanguineous parents. From 5 yr of age, the girl developed bilateral flexion deformity of interphalengeal joints and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. At age 7 yr, prominent hyperpigmented patches appeared on the skin at lower limbs, genitalia, and trunk. On clinical examination, she had hepatosplenomegaly, generalized lymphadenopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, hypogonadism, short stature, and characteristic dysmorphic features. Her brother had fixed flexion contractures of the feet, profound sensorineural hearing loss, characteristic dysmorphic features, but no diabetes. DNA sequence analysis revealed a homozygous mutation (c.300+1G>C) in SLC29A3 in both siblings. The phenotype and genotype of the siblings were compatible with that of the H syndrome, although the features were overlapping with those found in pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes, familial SHML, and Faisalabad histiocytosis, indicating that these four syndromes may be regarded as one disease with varying phenotypic features. A new, common name for these conditions is warranted.

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Due to the advantages offered by AI in containment the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of AI techniques has increased greatly. Although these techniques provide an acceptable start to COVID-19 pandemic control, they differ in terms of purpose, AI synthesis methods, datasets, validation approach. This increase and diversity in the numbers of proposed AI techniques can confuse decision makers and lead them to the dilemma of what is the appropriate technique under the specific conditions. Yet, studies that assess, analyze, and summarize the unresolved problems and shortcomings of current AI techniques for COVID-19 are limited. In the existing review studies, only individual parts of AI techniques, rarely the full solution, are reviewed and examined. Thus, this study aims to present a comprehensive systematic review on the application of AI techniques in containment the COVID-19 pandemic. The applied search strategy led to include 73 papers related to the Application of AI techniques for COVID-19 published from December 2019 to May 2020. Ten applications of AI for containment COVID-19 were identified. In addition, the analysis results of the systematic review revealed five deficiencies so that future research should take them into consideration.

In recent years, the trend of growing vegetables on green roofs has gained momentum as a way of promoting agricultural sustainability in Dhaka City. Rooftop gardens become an important part of urban agriculture's recent rejuvenation and offer alternative spaces for urban markets to grow vegetable products. Green roofs create spaces for vegetable crop production, thereby creating opportunities for agricultural incorporation into urban communities. At present, however, vegetable production activities on rooftops are limited due to multiple challenges that need to be addressed before widespread implementation takes place. Rooftop agriculture can improve various ecosystem services, enhance the biodiversity of urban areas and reduce food insecurity. Food production from green roofs will help support and sustain food for urban communities and provide a rare opportunity to grow food efficiently in typically unused spaces. As human populations become more urbanized and urban consumers become more interested in local food for their families, the use of alternative agricultural production systems, such as green roof technologies, will increase in importance. While cultivating food on buildings is a key component of making cities more sustainable and habitable, green roofs are not the total solution for providing cities with food security. They should be viewed more as a supplement to other sources of food production in urban areas.