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The kaolin hollow bre membranes were fabricated via the phase inversion process. Fluoroalkylsilanes (FAS) agents were used to improve the surface properties of kaolin membranes.The effect of hydrophobicity nature by using various FAS groups at different times has been investigated. The membrane contactor system has proven its effectiveness in CO 2 separation by the pH values.

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The usage of ceramic membranes is gaining enormous attention due to their higher selectivity, permeation rate, and chemical and thermal stability as compared to the polymeric membrane. Owing to the fact of these superior properties, the search of a low-cost ceramic membrane is still in demand. To date, the fabrication of ceramic membrane using natural zeolite as the membrane ceramic loading has yet to be explored. Thus, this study aims to develop natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) as the ceramic source in the fabrication of low-cost hollow fibre ceramic membrane (HFCM) via phase inversion and sintering techniques. Several fabrication parameters were also studied namely air gap distance, bore fluid flow rate and sintering temperature throughout this research. The best ceramic membrane was fabricated using 5 cm air-gap distance, 13 mL min-1 of bore fluid flow rate and 1000 °C of sintering temperature. The acceptable strength and morphological behaviour of finger-like and sponge-like voids were found to be an advantageous characteristic of the fabricated membrane. The cheap and yet abundant raw ceramic material as well as low sintering temperature are eventually reduced the cost of membrane production.

In this work, polysulfone (PSf)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) mixed matrix membrane were prepared were prepared by using phase inversion technique for ultrafiltration application. The prepared PSf/HAp mixed matrix membrane were characterized in term of morphological and physicochemical properties by using SEM, contact angle measurement, membrane tensile measurement and membrane porosity. Meanwhile the performance of PSf/HAp mixed matrix membrane was conducted in term of pure water flux (PWF) by using permeability machine. The surface morphology of the MMMs showed the increasing pore number and size as the concentration of HAp increase. The increment weight ratio of the HAp in PSf membrane enhanced the membrane water flux from 113.44 L/m2.h.bar to 228.13 L/m2.h.bar due to increased porosity of the membrane. Meanwhile, the strength of the membrane was increased from 3.82 MPa to 5.2 MPa as HAp increases from 0 to 1.0 wt.% and decreased to 2.49 MPa at 1.5 wt.% HAp. This study suggested that HAp is a promising candidate as additive that can improve PSf membrane performance.