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Extending studies of the adverse effects of SARS-2 coronavirus on general health consequences, this research explores complexities related to the mental health of the elderly as a result of pandemic-related stress. The study addresses this issue by using resilience theory to examine the effects of fear and exposure related to COVID-19 and depression. Besides, our study examines the moderating effects of self-efficacy in order to provide an understanding of how the coping abilities of the elderly may mitigate the effect of stress levels on mental health during pandemics. Our model is tested by analysing the survey data collected from Rawalpindi, a metropolitan city in Pakistan. The main results of the study confirm the positive association of pandemic-related fear and exposure virus with depression. However, self-efficacy shows a negative direct effect on depression, and the findings also confirm the moderation effect of self-efficacy on the fear of COVID-19 and depression, but the moderation effect of self-efficacy on COVID-19 exposure and depression is not supported. Based on the outcomes, some severe geriatric care policies that could weaken the pandemic-related fear, exposure to the virus, and depression are recommended.

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This study comprehends how non-pharmaceutical approaches such as "quarantine," "social distancing," and "lockdown" help to impede the extent of the severe COVID-19 pandemic. The abrupt, surfacing, and evolving circumstance of this infection was thought to be defended, imperative, and implemented through these approaches as a core component of the quick response in the arena of a global health emergency. In this pursuit, a logical conceptual framework is developed using a qualitative method by reviewing literature along with analyzing numerous documents and reports. Based on information from some countries, this exploration centers around significant approaches and the embraced socio-health policy used as a preventive framework leading to the quarantine, social distancing, and lockdown for the transmission of the virus headed for the community. Studies have shown that populations flowing from the sources of the outbreak pose a higher level of risk in the destination area than other factors such as topographical vicinity, physical contact, and interaction. This study, therefore, suggests some draconian socio-health policies to be imposed, such as quarantine, social distancing, and lockdown measures to cripple the transmission of the virus. The sooner such measures are implemented, the shorter will be the term of the endemic. Finally, the findings have important implications for the policymaking to be adopted globally as well as nationally preventive strategies.